Browsing by Author "Lyngdoh, Nicolee"
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ThesisItem Open Access Distribution mapping and characterization of fruit parameters of Phoebe cooperianaU.N Kanjilal ex A. Das in Arunachal Pradesh(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2019-03-01) Dolley, Narang; Lyngdoh, Nicolee; Tayeng, TisuA study was carried out during 2016-18 to map the distribution pattern and to characterize the variation of fruit parameters of Phoebe cooperiana, an economically important fruit yielding tree of Arunachal Pradesh, India.Primary data points were used to generate distribution map of the species by employing ecological niche modeling (ENM) based Maxent and Diva-GIS software’s.Variations in morphological characters and(anti-)nutritional compositions wereanalyzedfor the fruits from 14 different sites across the state. A total of twenty nine fruit parameters were studied which included nine morphological, fifteen nutritional, four anti-nutritional and one anti oxidizing property. The experiment was carried out inCRD(Completely Randomized Design) with four replications for morphological characters and three replications for biochemical parameters. Data were subjected to ANOVA,correlation studies,PCA(principal component analysis) and CA(clustering analysis). Potential distribution areas were distributed across the state in patches forming concentric rings. Areas of high suitability index were found at the center and suitability index decreasesoutwards thus forming an “abundant center” in the middle.A total area of 13,433 km2was indicated to be suitable niche for the species across the state. The area with highly suitability index accounted for 1563 km2, moderate suitability class covered about 4226 km2and area under low suitability class at the outer periphery covered the area of 7644 km2. Mean value for various morphological traits were found to be as follows; fruit weight (9.39 ± 0.23 g), fruit length (34.07 ± 0.45 mm), fruit diameter (23.79 ± 0.35 mm), seed weight(3.73 ± 0.10 g), seed length (15.73 ± 0.28 mm), seed diameter (13.86 ± 0.24 mm), pulp weight (5.65 ± 0.15 g), pulp thickness (8.93 ± 0.16 mm) and pulp-fruit ratio (0.60 ± 0.01). Mean values for (anti-)nutritional composition wereas follows; total carbohydrate(6.84 ± 0.09 %), reducing sugar(1.59 ± 0.03 g/100g), starch (37.76 ± 0.52 mg/100g), cellulose (9.40 ± 0.15 mg/100g),pectin (2.10 ± 0.03 %.), crude fiber (8.7 ± 0.12 %),free fatty acid (12.70 ± 0.21 mg KOH/g),crude protein (8.00 ± 0.11 %),total free amino acid (5.71 ± 0.08 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (2.46 ± 0.04 mg/100g), vitamin E (5.82 ± 0.03 mg/100g), vitamin A (2.35 mg/100g), total chlorophyll (15.09 ± 0.24 mg/100g),chlorophyll a (7.08 ± 0.13 mg/100g), chlorophyll b (7.31 ± 0.11 mg/100g), cyanogen (32.73 ± 0.47 mg/100g),phytic acid (10.67 ± 0.19 mg/100g),phenols (22.19 ± 0.33 mg/g), tannin (165.04 ± 3.00 mg/100g) and DPPH radical-scavenging activity(56.94 ± 0.96 %). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the sites for all the characters studied.Correlationstudy revealed that fruit weight had significant positive association with most of morphological characters and starch content. Higher edible portion can be obtained from larger fruits with smaller seed size.Fruits from lower altitude sites hadhigher pulp-fruits ratio and reducing sugar while, sites from western part of state had higher seed weight and seed diameter.The combined principal component analysis for morphological and biochemical characters showed that fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length and chlorophyll contributedhighest to the variation. Clustering showed that the sitesJia, Aalo, Baririjo, Daporijo, Sagalee and Yazali to be most distantly related to each other and also high desirable characters were observed in these sites. So, these sites can be targeted for future improvement programme and domestication trials of the species.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF VAM FUNGI AND VERMICULTURE ON GROWTH, YIELD AND STRESS TOLERANCE OF PAPAYA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, DHARWAD, 2003) Lyngdoh, Nicolee; Vasudeva, R"Fifty teak {Tectona grandis L. f.) clones of Karnataka. maintained at Karka clonal bank and at Alur clonal seed orchard near Dandeli, were characterized at morphological and molecular levels apart from assessing their resistance levels to two important pests viz., trunk borer {Alcterogystia cadambe) and defoliatorskeletonizer complex {i-iyblea purea & Eutectona maciieralis). Using a set of seven simple leaf descriptors {viz. leaf petiole, leaf texture, leaf shape, leaf tip, leaf base, adaxial leaf pubescence and leaf colour) a key was developed to delineate teak clones that could be effectively adopted at the field level. Perhaps for the first time, 30 teak clones were fingerprinted with 20 random RAPD primers. Six clones {viz., MyHV2, MyHV3, MyHV7, MySa1, MySa2 and MyHaK2) possessed unique bands enabling them to be identified without ambiguity and further, thirteen pairs of clones shared a unique band. These informative primers show a great potentiality in genotyping unknown clones, maintaining clonal fidelity and in clonal registration. Moderately high level of genetic diversity was found among the 30 teak clones with an information index of 0.373 ± 0.243. Clones of central provenance of Karnataka were more diverse (0.352) than those from southern (0.304) and northern provenance (0.317) as revealed by Shannon Information Index. Significant inter-clonal differences were identified for the susceptibility levels to trunk borer and for defoliators. Eleven of the fifty clones were tolerant to defoliator attack with MyMK3 (24.33% leaf defoliation) and MyHV3 (37.28%) clones showing least attack. Clone MyHuTI showed maximum tolerance to trunk borer (0.44 holes per tree) among the 12 tolerant clones. However, levels of tolerance to these two pests were independent. Association analysis showed that clones with higher pubescence and dark green colour were more often susceptible to defoliators' attack. Clones from southern origin performed better in terms of volume growth after twenty years (0.43 m^) than those of the central (0.41 m^) and northern (0.38 m""^) provenance of the state."ThesisItem Open Access Morphological and molecular characterization of selected phenotypes of parkia timoriana (DC.) Mer in Manipur(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2020-03-07) Phurlatpalm Chetan Kumar Sharma; Lyngdoh, Nicolee; Tayeng, TisuThe ANOVA using CRD revealed significant difference among the selected trees for all characters. The variability parameters analysed for the morphhological characters revealed phenotypes cofficient of variation (PCV) to be greater than corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all characters.ThesisItem Open Access MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF TEAK (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) CLONES OF KARNATAKA(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, DHARWAD, 2003) Lyngdoh, Nicolee; Vasudeva, R"Fifty teak {Tectona grandis L. f.) clones of Karnataka. maintained at Karka clonal bank and at Alur clonal seed orchard near Dandeli, were characterized at morphological and molecular levels apart from assessing their resistance levels to two important pests viz., trunk borer {Alcterogystia cadambe) and defoliatorskeletonizer complex {i-iyblea purea & Eutectona maciieralis). Using a set of seven simple leaf descriptors {viz. leaf petiole, leaf texture, leaf shape, leaf tip, leaf base, adaxial leaf pubescence and leaf colour) a key was developed to delineate teak clones that could be effectively adopted at the field level. Perhaps for the first time, 30 teak clones were fingerprinted with 20 random RAPD primers. Six clones {viz., MyHV2, MyHV3, MyHV7, MySa1, MySa2 and MyHaK2) possessed unique bands enabling them to be identified without ambiguity and further, thirteen pairs of clones shared a unique band. These informative primers show a great potentiality in genotyping unknown clones, maintaining clonal fidelity and in clonal registration. Moderately high level of genetic diversity was found among the 30 teak clones with an information index of 0.373 ± 0.243. Clones of central provenance of Karnataka were more diverse (0.352) than those from southern (0.304) and northern provenance (0.317) as revealed by Shannon Information Index. Significant inter-clonal differences were identified for the susceptibility levels to trunk borer and for defoliators. Eleven of the fifty clones were tolerant to defoliator attack with MyMK3 (24.33% leaf defoliation) and MyHV3 (37.28%) clones showing least attack. Clone MyHuTI showed maximum tolerance to trunk borer (0.44 holes per tree) among the 12 tolerant clones. However, levels of tolerance to these two pests were independent. Association analysis showed that clones with higher pubescence and dark green colour were more often susceptible to defoliators' attack. Clones from southern origin performed better in terms of volume growth after twenty years (0.43 m^) than those of the central (0.41 m^) and northern (0.38 m""^) provenance of the state."ThesisItem Open Access Tree selection, fruit characterization and vegetative propagation of Tapil (Phoebe cooperiana U.N Kanjilal ex A. Das) in Eastern Himalayas(College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, 2021-07-24) Pabin, Jashmine; Lyngdoh, Nicolee; Mehra, T.S.The selected 45 trees were further screened using selection index out of which 22 trees were selected. Most of the selected trees were observed to be in height class 15-30m (77.27%), 0-2.5m GBH class (77.27%), 0-10m crown diameter class (48.89%), age class 0-20 m(54.55%) and no. of fruits per tree ranging between 300-5000. The mean values were recorded before and after for the following fruit length (35.0mm) (33.93mm), fruit weight (8.56g) (9.02g), fruit diameter (21.82mm) (22,65mm), pulp thickness (3.43mm) (3.58mm), seed weight (3.02g) (2.94g) ,seed length (28.68mm) (28.14mm), seed diameter (15.34mm) (15.43mm), pulp weight(5.58g) (6.14g), pulp fruit ratio (0.64) (0.68) and diameter length ratio (0.63) (0.67). The ANOVA using CRD revealed significant differences among the selected trees for all characters. The variability parameters analysed for the morphological characters revealed phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) to be greater than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all characters, the environmental influence on the expression of the characters. Heritability in broad sense (H2) and genetic advance were observed to be the highest for fruit length, seed length and fruit weight, implying to the additive gene action, and thus can be selected for improvement. Correlation studies revealed that pulp thickness, fruit weight fruit diameter, seed weight and crown diameter had positive significant correlation with economically important traits viz. no. of fruits per tree, pulp-fruit ratio and diameter length ratio. Principal component analysis revealed positive and high loading values for fruit diameter in PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4 contributing more to the variation. Cluster analysis of the trees based on mean values of morphological characters classified them into 3 major clusters. Air layering data for rooting percentage was first trasformed using arcsine transformation. The ANOVA using CRD revealed significant differences among parameters (rooting percentage, no. of roots per layer and length of longest roots) for all 8 treatments. The observed variation in mean for various parameters for different treatment are as follows; rooting percentage (54.91%), no. of root per layer (8.93) and length of longest root (2.68cm). On the basis of mean performance of each treatment NAA3000 scored highest in rooting percentage(74.36), no. of roots per layer (21.33). Where as, NAA2000 scored highest in Length of longest root (6.00cm). The survival percentage was recorded highest for NAA3000 (54.16%).