Distribution mapping and characterization of fruit parameters of Phoebe cooperianaU.N Kanjilal ex A. Das in Arunachal Pradesh
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Date
2019-03-01
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College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat
Abstract
A study was carried out during 2016-18 to map the distribution pattern and to characterize the variation of fruit parameters of Phoebe cooperiana, an economically important fruit yielding tree of Arunachal Pradesh, India.Primary data points were used to generate distribution map of the species by employing ecological niche modeling (ENM) based Maxent and Diva-GIS software’s.Variations in morphological characters and(anti-)nutritional compositions wereanalyzedfor the fruits from 14 different sites across the state. A total of twenty nine fruit parameters were studied which included nine morphological, fifteen nutritional, four anti-nutritional and one anti oxidizing property. The experiment was carried out inCRD(Completely Randomized Design) with four replications for morphological characters and three replications for biochemical parameters. Data were subjected to ANOVA,correlation studies,PCA(principal component analysis) and CA(clustering analysis).
Potential distribution areas were distributed across the state in patches forming concentric rings. Areas of high suitability index were found at the center and suitability index decreasesoutwards thus forming an “abundant center” in the middle.A total area of 13,433 km2was indicated to be suitable niche for the species across the state. The area with highly suitability index accounted for 1563 km2, moderate suitability class covered about 4226 km2and area under low suitability class at the outer periphery covered the area of 7644 km2.
Mean value for various morphological traits were found to be as follows; fruit weight (9.39 ± 0.23 g), fruit length (34.07 ± 0.45 mm), fruit diameter (23.79 ± 0.35 mm), seed weight(3.73 ± 0.10 g), seed length (15.73 ± 0.28 mm), seed diameter (13.86 ± 0.24 mm), pulp weight (5.65 ± 0.15 g), pulp thickness (8.93 ± 0.16 mm) and pulp-fruit ratio (0.60 ± 0.01). Mean values for (anti-)nutritional composition wereas follows; total carbohydrate(6.84 ± 0.09 %), reducing sugar(1.59 ± 0.03 g/100g), starch (37.76 ± 0.52 mg/100g), cellulose (9.40 ± 0.15 mg/100g),pectin (2.10 ± 0.03 %.), crude fiber (8.7 ± 0.12 %),free fatty acid (12.70 ± 0.21 mg KOH/g),crude protein (8.00 ± 0.11 %),total free amino acid (5.71 ± 0.08 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (2.46 ± 0.04 mg/100g), vitamin E (5.82 ± 0.03 mg/100g), vitamin A (2.35 mg/100g), total chlorophyll (15.09 ± 0.24 mg/100g),chlorophyll a (7.08 ± 0.13 mg/100g), chlorophyll b (7.31 ± 0.11 mg/100g), cyanogen (32.73 ± 0.47 mg/100g),phytic acid (10.67 ± 0.19 mg/100g),phenols (22.19 ± 0.33 mg/g), tannin (165.04 ± 3.00 mg/100g) and DPPH radical-scavenging activity(56.94 ± 0.96 %).
Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the sites for all the characters studied.Correlationstudy revealed that fruit weight had significant positive association with most of morphological characters and starch content. Higher edible portion can be obtained from larger fruits with smaller seed size.Fruits from lower altitude sites hadhigher pulp-fruits ratio and reducing sugar while, sites from western part of state had higher seed weight and seed diameter.The combined principal component analysis for morphological and biochemical characters showed that fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length and chlorophyll contributedhighest to the variation. Clustering showed that the sitesJia, Aalo, Baririjo, Daporijo, Sagalee and Yazali to be most distantly related to each other and also high desirable characters were observed in these sites. So, these sites can be targeted for future improvement programme and domestication trials of the species.
Description
A study was carried out during 2016-18 to map the distribution pattern and to characterize the variation of fruit parameters of Phoebe cooperiana, an economically important fruit yielding tree of Arunachal Pradesh, India.Primary data points were used to generate distribution map of the species by employing ecological niche modeling (ENM) based Maxent and Diva-GIS software’s.Variations in morphological characters and(anti-)nutritional compositions wereanalyzedfor the fruits from 14 different sites across the state. A total of twenty nine fruit parameters were studied which included nine morphological, fifteen nutritional, four anti-nutritional and one anti oxidizing property. The experiment was carried out inCRD(Completely Randomized Design) with four replications for morphological characters and three replications for biochemical parameters. Data were subjected to ANOVA,correlation studies,PCA(principal component analysis) and CA(clustering analysis).
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