Browsing by Author "Geetha, M"
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ArticleItem Open Access Assessing Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) Infection Status in Small Ruminants(2014-12) Geetha, M; Palanivel, KM; Selvaraju, G; TANUVASThe present study was aimed to assess the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection status in small ruminants. A total of 47 faecal samples inclusive of 23 from sheep and 24 from goats were collected and subjected to Ziehl-Neelson (Z-N) staining technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of 23 faecal samples collected from sheep none of the samples were positive and 1 sample out of 24 faecal samples from goats was positive by Z-N staining technique. Nine out of 23 samples from sheep and 7 out of 24 samples from goats were positive for MAP infection by PCR. Sensitivity and specificity of Z-N staining technique was calculated. Sensitivity and specificity of Z-N staining technique were of 5.8 and 100 per cent respectively when compared with PCR. Hence PCR can be used effectively for assessing the infection status of MAP in small ruminants.ArticleItem Open Access Avian Colibacillosis - A Mini Review(2018) Geetha, M; Palanivel, KM; TANUVASAvian colibacillosis is an economically important disease of poultry throughout the world. It causes great economic losses to the poultry farmers throughout the world in terms of mortality of affected birds, decreased productivity, increased costs towards treatment of affected birds etc. This article briefly review about epidemiology, host range, clinical signs, diagnosis of avian colibacillosis.ArticleItem Open Access A Brief Review on Salmonellosis in Poultry(2018) Geetha, M; Palanivel, KM; TANUVASSalmonellosis caused by Salmonella spp., a gram negative bacterium, is an important disease of poultry all over the world. Salmonella gallinarum (S. gallinarum) and Salmonella pullorum (S. pullorum) are avian host specific Salmonellae which causes fowl typhoid and pullorum disease in poultry and they are transmitted in between birds by both vertical and horizontal transmission. This article briefly reviews about epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis of avian salmonellosis.ArticleItem Open Access Canine leptospirosis: Clinical and molecular diagnosis associated therapeutic management(2021) Geetha, M; Selvaraju, G; TANUVASCanine leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease caused by the species of the spirochete genus Leptospira. There are more than 250 serovars of Leptospira were identified throughout the world and atleast ten of them including Australis, Autumnalis, Canicola, Grippothyphosa, Hardjo, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Saxkoebing and Sejroe are being reported in association of canine leptospirosis throughout the globe. Four dogs of different age group and breeds with the history of pyrexia, anorexia, vomiting and enteritis were reported to the infectious disease unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal for therapeutic intervention. Pale pink mucous membrane, hematochezia, pyrexia, tachypnea, shivering, dehydration, oliguria with mild cough were the predominant clinical examination findings in all animals and one had icterus. Anemia (mean - 8.2 + 2.1 g/dl), leucocytosis (25.1 + 4.2 x 103/ μl) mild thrombocytopaenia (mean - 1.2 + 0.2 x 103/ μl) were notifiable haemato-biochemical changes noticed in all animals. Extracted template DNA from sera of all dogs were subjected to polymerase chain reaction targeting Lip L 32 gene specific for pathogenic Leptospires detected positive for infection. Doxycycline @ of 10 mg/kg body weight once daily for 21 days along with supportive therapy ended in uneventful recovery of all four dogs.ArticleItem Open Access Clinical and Molecular Diagnosis of Johne’s Disease in a Jamunapari Goat – A Case Report(2017) Kanimozhi, P; Geetha, M; Palanivel, KM; Arthanari Easwaran, M; TANUVASA 2 year old male Jamunapari goat weighing 30 kilograms was presented with complaints of chronic diarrhea, progressive weight loss and poor response to therapy. Faecal sample was collected aseptically and subjected for the presence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ziehl – Neelsen staining (ZN) revealed the presence of clumped acid fast bacilli in the faecal smears. For further differencing between Acid fast bacilli from nonacid fast MAP confirmation, DNA was extracted from faecal sample and subjected to PCR by using specific primers targeting IS 900 gene sequence of MAP and confirmed JD by detection of 413 bp PCR product.ArticleItem Open Access COMMONLY AFFECTING DISEASES IN INTENSIVE GOAT FARMS(TANUVAS, 2017) Geetha, M; TANUVASPeste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute or subacute viral disease of goats and sheep characterized by fever, necrotic stomatitis, gastroenteritis, pneumonia and death. Goats are more susceptible to this disease than sheep, hence it is known as goat plague. It is a highly contagious disease of small ruminants causing high mortality especially kids of less than six months age group.ArticleItem Open Access Convalescence complications of canine parvoviral infection in dogs(2021) Geetha, M; Selvaraju, G; TANUVASCanine parvovirus (CPV) is the leading cause of gastroenteritis associated mortality in puppies particularly of less than six months age. Canine parvovirus -2 and its subtypes CPV-2a, 2b and 2c are the etiological factors responsible for haemorrhagic gastroenteritis and myocarditis in puppies. Erythema multiformae, cutaneous clinical manifestations of CPV infection was reported in one Labrador puppy and convalescence complications of CPV infection like intestinal intussusception and rectal prolapse were reported in a Kanni and non descript puppy respectively in this study. Proper immunuization of bitches, periodical vaccination of young puppies from 42 days of age, weaning of puppies at 45 days age are the principle preventive strategies for prevention of CPV infection and associated life threatening complications in young dogs.ArticleItem Open Access DIAGNOSIS OF BRUCELLOSIS AND LEPTOSPIROSIS IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS(TANUVAS, 2020-02) Geetha, M; TANUVASBrucellosis is essentially a disease of animals, especially domesticated livestock, caused by bacteria of the Brucella group with humans as an accidental host. Brucellosis is the generic name used for the animal and human infections caused by several species of the genus Brucella, mainly Brucellaabortus, B. melitensis and B. suis, infection of sheep with B. ovisand B. canis infection in dogs.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiological Studies on Newcastle Disease Viral Excretion(TANUVAS, 2002) Geetha, M; TANUVAS; Gunaseelan, L; Ganesan, P.I,; Kumanan, KArticleItem Open Access Haemagglutination Test as a Screening Test for Diagnosis of Canine Parvoviral (CPV) Infection in Dogs(Excellent Publishers, 2019) Geetha, M; Selvaraj, G; TANUVASCanine parvoviral enteritis (CPVE) is a serious disease of dogs of less than six months age group. This disease is caused by canine parvovirus 2, 2a, 2b and 2c subtypes of CPV.Diagnosis and therapeutic management of CPVE affected dogs are usually based on clinical diagnosis. This study aims the applicability of haemagglutination test in diagnosis of CPV infection. A total of 110 faecal swabs of dogs suspected for CPVE were collected and subjected to haemagglutination (HA) test using porcine red blood cells. Thirty two samples (29.0 %) were positive to CPV infection by HA. The HA testgave higher rate of detection of CPV in faecal samples and it could be used as a field level screening test for diagnosis of CPVE in dog.Training ManualItem Open Access ICAR Short Course on Advanced Clinical Epidemiology in Disease diagnosis and vaccination for sustainability of Livestock and Poultry Health(TANUVAS, 2020-02) Palanivel, KM; Geetha, M; Selvaraju, G; Saravanajayam, M; TANUVASArticleItem Open Access A Mini Review on Diagnosis of Johne’s disease in Livestock(2017) Geetha, M; Palanivel, KM; TANUVASParatuberculosis (Johne‟s disease) is a chronic disease affecting livestock especially ruminants. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) an acid fast bacilli. The disease is characterized by emaciation, progressive weight loss and chronic enteritis unresponsive to treatment. This paper describes a mini review on diagnosis of Johne's disease.ArticleItem Open Access Molecular Identification of Campylobacter Jejuni in Chicken Meat by Polymerase Chain Reaction(2013-12) Geetha, M; TANUVASCampylobacteriosis has been described as an emerging foodborne disease, causing bacterial gastroenteritis in humans (Kwan et al., 2008) and poultry and is main reservoir for humanbeings (Moore et al., 2005). Campylobacter spp. normally colonise the gastrointestinal tract of poultry and are transferred to poultry carcasses and the environment under handling and slaughter conditions (EFSA, 2005). Hence, this present study was aimed to identify the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in poultry meat sold in retail outlets in and around Namakkal, Tamil Nadu.ArticleItem Open Access Molecular Identification of Newcastle Disease Virus from Free Living Birds(2014-07) Geetha, M; TANUVASNewcastle disease (ND) is one of the major viral diseases of poultry causing great economic losses to the poultry industry. A total of 63 cloacal swabs/droppings from various categories of free living birds (desi chicken, pigeon, turkeys, crows, sparrows, geese, parrots) were collected and inoculated into specific pathogen free embryonated chicken eggs for propagation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Four out of 63 cloacal swabs were positive for NDV by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for fusion protein cleavage site of NDV. It is concluded that free living birds may play an important role in the transmission of NDV to domestic chicken and strict farm biosecurity measures has to be adopted to minimize the effective contact between them.ArticleItem Open Access Pathological and Molecular Diagnosis of Paratuberculosis in Sheep and Goats(2018) Kanimozhi, P; Geetha, M; Palanivel, KM, et al.; TANUVASJohne’s disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis (MAP) and the disease is characterized by chronic diarrhea, progressive weight loss and emaciation. The present study was carried out to find out the MAP infection status by postmortem and molecular diagnosis in sheep and goats suspected for JD. Postmortem examination of six small ruminants (One sheep and five goats) revealed the pathognomonic necrotic findings such as characterised hypertrophy of mucosal surfaces of small intestine (terminal ileum) and cord like thickening of mesenteric lymphnodes. Acid fast staining of cytological smears prepared from the intestinal scrapings and mesenteric lymphnode of all animals revealed presence of clusters of acid fast bacilli. Mesentric lymphnode and intestine were collected from during postmortem examination and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers targeting IS 900 gene sequence of MAP which revealed positivity to MAP infection. The study concluded that postmortem examination combined with polymerase chain reaction is highly useful in accurate diagnosis of JD in small ruminants.ArticleItem Open Access PATTERNS OF DISEASE OCCURRENCE AND OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION(TANUVAS, 2020-02) Geetha, M; TANUVASDisease may be defined as the alteration of the state of the entire body or its organ systems which interrupts the proper body functions. These functional disturbances are most commonly identified by visual physical signs and in animals the disease signs mostly noticed by the farmers and by veterinarians. Assessing the pattern of disease occurrence in animal population is highly mandatory to implement control and preventive strategies of disease occurrence. The general patterns of disease occurrence reflect the randomness or non-randomness of their distribution in the dimensions of time and space. The first step towards determining the importance of distribution over time and in space is counting cases. Cases may be represented by deaths, illness or reduction in production. The clustering of disease events in space can often be demonstrated by the use of conventional mapping techniques.ArticleItem Open Access A Perspective Study of Human Leptospirosis(2016) Geetha, M; Palanivel, KM; Selvaraju, G, et al.; TANUVASThe present study was carried out retrospectively to assess the risk factors and epidemiological significance of leptospirosis in humans in Namakkal region of Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 345 human sera samples referred by physicians as suspected cases of leptospirosis from Namakkal region of Tamil Nadu were screened by dark field microscopy. Prevalence of leptospirosis in human was 72.5 per cent out of 345 cases. Higher positive rates were noticed in males (70.4%). Relative risk of 1.2 for males indicates that males are at higher risk of developing leptospirosis than females. Prevalence of leptospirosis was high in patients of 21-30 years age group and occupation wise it was found high in students. Higher rates of leptospirosis were noticed during monsoon season in Namakkal region. The control of leptospirosis in humans include vaccination of animals, rodent control, good hygiene and creating public awareness by education which is of utmost importance.ArticleItem Open Access A Review on Poultry Coccidiosis(2018) Geetha, M; Palanivel, KM; TANUVASCoccidiosis is a importance disease in poultry production. The protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria multiply in the intestinal tract and cause tissue damage, with resulting in haemorrhagic enteritis, loss of blood and death. This paper gives a glimpse on the brief review on epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis, control and economic losses due to coccidiosis in poultry.