Browsing by Author "Anandachitra, M."
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ArticleItem Open Access ANTI-LEPTOSPIRAL ACTIVITY OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA EXTRACT(2011) Anandachitra, M.; Ramesh, S.; Jayakumar, V.; Manohar, B. Murali; TANUVASPlants have been a valuable source of natural products for maintaining human and animal health, especially in the last decade with more intensive studies for natural therapies. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, occurs mostly in tropical and subtropical developing countries and is caused by spirochetes of genus Leplospira. Treatment of leptospirosis includes antibiotics and supportive therapy to cure and to improve the health of the patients.ArticleItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIGEN PRESENTING FUNCTION OF CAPRINE MACROPHAGES AND B CELLS(2006-01) Anandachitra, M.; Ram, G.C.; Goswami, T.K.; TANUVASThe immune response to protein antigen is regulated in large part by the activity of CD4^+ Th cells which in turn depends upon antigen presentation by accessory cells. Antigen presenting cells (APC) at different sites of the body have different capacity to stimulate Th cells in naive and in primed animals. in blood, monocytes and B cells are the prominent APC types. Caprine immune system is the poorly understood system among ruminants. Hence, the present investigation was attempted to study the functional efficiency of caprine APC in peripheral blood to various antigens.ArticleItem Open Access Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Gut of Penaeus vannamei as Potential Probiotic(Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2022-12) Lalitha, N.; Ronald, B.S.M.; Anandachitra, M.; Hemalatha, S.; Senthilkumar, T.M.A.; Muralidhar, M.; TANUVASBackground: The present objective of the study was to isolate and characterize the gut associated culturable lactic acid bacteria (beneficial bacteria) from the gut of Penaeus vannamei for their potential application as probiotic. Methods: Penaeus vannamei (host) gut associated bacterial isolates were obtained from ten commercial brackishwater shrimp ponds (n=10) located in Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu, Tiruvallur and Villupuram districts of Tamil Nadu, during 2021-22 to test their efficiency as indigenous gut probiotic. Twenty-five shrimps from each pond, with salinity ranging from 5 to 25 ppt, were collected for isolation of beneficial bacterial isolates. Result: Thirty lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified from the gut of 250 Penaeus vannamei, using a 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. Six isolates viz., Pediococcus pentosaceus (ON495586), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (ON491817), Lactococcus lactis (ON479264), Enterococcus faecium (ON478992), Enterococcus hirae (ON478991) and Enterococcus durans (ON564885) having better enzyme activity were taken and further subjected to in vitro analysis. It was found that these isolates had antibacterial activity against shrimp pathogens V. campbelli, V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus with zone of inhibition ranging between 12.33 to 21.00 mm; showed better growth at pH 7.0; tolerated the bile salts up to 1% concentration and endured salt concentrations up to 6.0%. In addition, above isolates demonstrated excellent auto-aggregative activity (74.45 to 91.14%) and hydrophobicity (77 to 99.93%). No antagonist activities were detected among the strains, suggesting its use as the multiple cocktail probiotic. Hence, the investigated isolates could serve as potential probiotics in shrimp aquaculture production systems.ArticleItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF MACROPINOCYTIC ABILITY OF CAPRINE ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS(2006-02) Anandachitra, M.; Ram, G.C.; Goswami, T.K.; TANUVASMacropinocytosis is an endocytic process by which large pinocytic vesicles are generated which sample extracellular fluids and solutes (Rescigno et al. 1999). Macropinocytosis provides an efficient sampling mechanism for fluid phase or non- binding antigens. Since macropinosomes have lower surface/volume ratios than mall vesicles, more extracellularfluid is sampled per unit membrane internalized (Steinman and Swanson, 1995).ArticleItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF STIMULATOR CELLS IN THE CAPRINE PRIMARY MIXED LYMPOCYTE REACTION AND OXIDATIVE MITOGENESIS(2004) Anandachitra, M.; Ram, G.C.; Goswami, T.K.; TANUVASPrimary mixed leucocyte reaction and oxidative mitogenesis are the two most common and reliable assay systems used to demonstrate the stimulating capacity of antigen presenting cells. Mitomycin C treated and not treated macrophages (MF) and B cells were used as stimulator to the T cells which were treated with sodium periodate (oxidatlve mitogenesis) or without treatment (Mixed leucocyte reaction, MLR).ArticleItem Open Access DETECTION AND SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF LIG B AND LSA 21 GENES OF LEPTOSPIRES FIELDS ISOLATES(2011) Anandachitra, M.; Jayakumar, V.; Manohar, B. Murali; TANUVASNovel leptospiral antigens like Lig A, B and Lsa21 were identified through screening of genomic DNA expression libraries with patient and infected animal sera and appeared to be preferentially expressed during host infection. Hence, the present study was attempted to detect these immunogenic proteins in field isolated leptospires and compare their sequences with the published reference strains.ArticleItem Open Access DETECTION OF IL-4 AND IFN-Y mRNA CYTOKINE SECRETION FROM SENSITIZED CAPRINE ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS INDUCED CULTURE BY SEMI-QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR(2008) Anandachitra, M.; Ram, G.C.; TANUVASRT-PCR technique had been chosen to study the caprine antigen presenting cells induced Th cells cytokine secretion profile. Macrophages induced more IFN- Y than IL-4 cytokine mRNA and in contrast, B cells induced higher IL-4 production than IFN-Y. In general, IL-4 mRNAs were more in two antigen pulsed cultures as assessed by integrated densitometry analysis.ArticleItem Open Access DETECTION OF LIPOARABINOMANNAN BY COAGGLUTINATION TEST FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS(2007-06) Anandachitra, M.; Kishore, Subodh; TANUVASThe detection of polysaccharides has been shown to be a useful test for the diagnosis of some bacterial infections including those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neiserria meningitidis. It has been shown that patients with these infections have antigenemia and it has been possible to detect it by using various agglutination tests.ArticleItem Open Access DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLEX PCR FOR DETECTION OF Brucella Melitensis(2008-01) Anandachitra, M.; Prasad, P. Jeevan; Chandran, N.D.J.; Meenambigai, T.V.; Brinda, K.; Ravikumar, G.; TANUVASBrucellosis is a major zoonotic disease, Widely distributed in both human and animals specifically in the developing countries like India. It is estimated that brucellosis causes heavy economic losses in animals’ production. The disease should be diagnosed promptly. In the present study, we have developed a multiplex PCR for the identification of Brucella species and B. melitensis isolates in a single test.ArticleItem Open Access EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE ON THE CAPRINE ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS FUNCTION(2008) Anandachitra, M.; Ram, G.C.; TANUVASFunctional efficiency of caprine macrophages and B cells, and the effect of dexamethasone on their function were studied in the present investigation. Macrophages induced more proliferation in unprirned animals whereas B cells stimulated significantly (p<0.01) increased proliferation of T cells in sensitized animals, indicating the specific and memory response, characteristics of adaptive immune system.ArticleItem Open Access Effect of heparin binding proteins on the in vitro sperm characters and lipid peroxidation status of frozen thawed bull semen(2013-08) Karunakaran, M.; Devanathan, T.G.; Jawahar, Tilak pon; Manimaran, K.; Anandachitra, M.; Dhali, A.; Selvaraju, S.; TANUVASFertility associated proteins such as osteopontin, bovine seminal plasma proteins (BSP A1, A2, A3), heparin binding proteins (HBP) and others are reported as indicators of bull fertility (Moura et al. 2006). HBPs were secreted from the prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbo-urethral glands into seminal fluid and bind to sperm at ejaculation.ArticleItem Open Access EFFECT OF MYCOBACTERIAL LIPOARABINOMANNAN ON INTERLEUKIN-2 PRODUCTION BY BOVINE LYMPHOCYTES(2006-07) Anandachitra, M.; Kishore, Subodh; TANUVASLipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a major antigen of mycobacterial envelope, which exhibits a large spectrum of immunological activities. The intact and fully antigenic LAM of M-tubercu/osis causes inhibition of T cell proliferation. Some of the cytokines produced in response to high concentration of LAM at the site of infection may mediate the depressed lymphocyte proliferation to mycobactrial antigen through release of interleukin (IL) - 10, as both LAM and IL- 10 suppress antigen-induced T cell proliferation by interference with antigen presenting cells function. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effect of M.bovis AN5 LAM and other mycobacterial antigens on induction of interleukin (IL) - 2 was assessed.ArticleItem Open Access Electrophoretic profile of bull sperm membrane proteins as a tool for selection of breeding bull(2012-11) Karunakaran, M.; Devanathan, T.G.; Jawahar, Tilak pon; Manimaran, K.; Anandachitra, M.; Dhali, A.; Selvaraju, S.; TANUVASProteins present in the seminal plasma and sperm influence sperm function and fertilization. The present study was carried out to characterize the electrophoretic profile of bull sperm membrane proteins and to correlate with bull fertility. Semen samples were collected from 20 breeding bulls (10 Jersey and l0 Jersey crossbred) and the sperm membrane proteins were extracted by Triton X.ArticleItem Open Access IN SILICO ANALYSIS OF EPSILON TOXIN GENE OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS TYPE D STRAIN IVRI49(2013) Anandachitra, M.; TANUVASEnterotoxemia is the most important and wide spread disease of sheep and goats in India. The disease is usually per acute and acute and death occurs within hours after showing clinical symptoms of watery diarrhoea, abdominal pain, convulsion and recumbency. Enterotoxaemia is caused by Clustridium perfringens type D and under certain conditions the organisms multiplies rapidly and produces high concentration of epsilon toxin leading to toxaemia and death.ArticleItem Open Access Infectious Bovine Corneal Ulceration Associated with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in a Dairy Cow — A Case Report(2015-07) Ponnusamy, P.; Anandachitra, M.; Ranjithkumar, M.; Ramesh, A.; TANUVASA 2 year old female Jersey cross bred dairy cattle was presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clini- cal Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Thanjavur Dt, Tarniln- adu with history of bilateral corneal ulceration, lymph node enlargement and bruxism. Samples were taken from affected eyes using a sterile swab for bacterial isolation and identification. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identi- fied and it was found to be most sensitive to Tetracycline, Enrofloxacin, Gentamicin and Amikacin and resistant to penicillin, ampicillin and methicillin.ArticleItem Open Access INHIBITORY EFFECT OF M.BOVlS AN5 LIPOARABINOMANNAN ON INTERFERON GAMMA PRODUCTION BY BOVINE LYMPHOCYTES(2007-07) Anandachitra, M.; Kishore, Subodh; TANUVASLipoarabinomannan (LAM) is highly immunogenic component of mycobacterial cell wall and has been reported to be the cause of some of the non-specific immunosuppression by mycobacteria (Chujor et al. 1992). LAM plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis by down- regulating the macrophage effector functions.ArticleItem Open Access ISOLATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SCHLEIFERI SUBSP SCHLEIFERI FROM CANINE PYODERMA AND OTITIS IN CHENNAI(TANUVAS, Chennai, 2014-11) Anandachitra, M.; TANUVASCoagulase negative Staphylococci were considered as commensal organisms or contaminants with limited pathogenic potential. However, they are becoming more frequently associated with nosocomial infections in human and skin infections in animals. In this study, we attempted to isolate and identify the Staphylococci species that causes dermatological infections in dogs. Out of 35 isolates, 27 were identified as S.pseudintermedius and 3 as S.schleiferisubspschleiferi. Among three S.schleiferi isolates, 2 were closely related to S.schleiferi ATCC strain in pta gene sequences.ArticleItem Open Access ISOLATION AND DETERMINATION OF IMMUNOGENICITY OF LIPOARABINOMANNAN OF MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS AN5(2007-05) Anandachitra, M.; Kishore, Subodh; TANUVASThe complexity and chronicity of mycobacterial infection have made the identification of immunologically relevant antigens difficult. Efforts have been made for isolation and purification of mycobacterial antigens in amounts sufficient for detailed immunologic analysis.