STUDIES ON CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF LUMPY SKIN DISEASE IN CATTLE
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Date
2022
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KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, NANDINAGAR, BIDAR
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of Lumpy skin
disease in Karnataka and to elucidate the pathology of the disease in natural outbreaks.
A total of 58 scab/skin biopsy samples were collected from 43 field outbreaks of Lumpy
skin disease. Out of which 55 samples were tested positive for LSD by PCR for P32
gene of LSD virus. Further, Clinical manifestation, hemato-biochemical alterations,
gross pathology, histopathology, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis studies were
carried out. The occurrence of Lumpy skin disease in field outbreaks was found to be
35.15 per cent in this cross-sectional study. Occurrence was high in the age group of 2
to 5 years and in females and the disease was predominant in HF cross bred cattle.
Clinical signs observed in Lumpy skin disease affected animals were pyrexia, off feed,
dullness and nodular lesions all over the body with debilitation. Hematological and
biochemical evaluation revealed decreased RBC, Hb, HCT and platelet count,
increased ALT, GGT and albumin besides decrease in ALP and creatinine. Grossly,
nodular lesions were observed predominantly on the head, neck, legs, tail, udder, thurl,
perineum, vulval lips, inguinal region, muzzle, lips and nostrils. The predominant
microscopic lesions in the skin included hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, orthokeratosis,
acanthosis, spongiosis, degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells with
intracytoplasmic inclusions in epidermis. Infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in the
dermis, hemorrhage and congestion of dermal vessels, vasculitis, thrombosis and
perivascular necrosis were consistently seen along with folliculitis and degeneration of
sweat gland epithelial cells. Necrosis of dermis and epidermis with vasculitis were
evident under Masson’s trichrome staining. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis
confirmed presence of Lumpy skin disease virus and homology with other Lumpy skin
disease isolates from various parts the world.