STUDIES ON TREE-SOIL INTERACTION ON DIFFERENT SPECIES IN ARBORETUM
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Date
2018
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6
Abstract
The present experiment entitled “Studies on tree-soil interaction on
different species in Arboretum of Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural
University, Ranchi planted in the year 2006. The experiment is planned with the
objectives such as to study the physicochemical properties of soil in the selected
tree species, growth parameter of different tree species, and to know the
interrelationship between soil properties and tree growth. The plantation in the
arboretum is about 11 years old planted in block. Since the blocks are not equal,
random sampling method has been adopted to conduct the experiment. The five
tree species like Mahogany (Swietenia mahogoni), Sheesham (Dalbergia sisso),
Gamhar (Gmelina arborea), Jamun (Syzygium cumini) and Ber (Ziziphus jujube)
have been selected in the present studies.
The physical properties of the soil like soil texture, bulk density, soil
porosity, water holding capacity and particle density has been taken into
consideration; whereas the chemical properties such as soil pH, soil organic
carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorous and available potassium have
been analysed. Besides these, the growth parameter such as height, diameter
and crown width have been recorded to find out the growth performance of the
concerned trees.
The maximum value (1.66 gm cm-3) of Bulk Density has been found in
Ziziphus jujube followed by Gmelina arborea, Syzygium cumini, Dalbergia sisso
and minimum (1.55 gm cm-3) Swietenia mahogoni; whereas in case of Particle
Density, the maximum value (2.68 gm cm-3) was observed in Syzygium cumini
followed by Swietenia mahogoni, Dalbergia sisso, Gmelina arborea and
minimum (2.56 gm cm-3) in Ziziphus jujube. In Soil Porosity, the maximum value
(43.50%) has been shown in Dalbergia sisoo followed by Swietenia mahogoni,
Gmelina arborea, Syzygium cumini and minimum (35.42%) in Ziziphus jujube;
while the maximum value (34.39ml/100cm3) of water holding capacity was
recorded in Dalbergia sissoo followed by Gmelina arborea, Ziziphus jujube,
Syzygium cumini, and minimum (21.30ml/100cm3) in Swietenia mahogoni.
Percentage of sand has been found maximally (54.67%) in Syzigium cumini
followed by Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sissoo, Swietenia mahogoni and
minimum (51.31%) in Ziziphus jujube; whereas the maximum value (25.3%) of
silt has been found in Swietenia mahogoni followed by Dalbergia sisso,
Syzygium cumini, Gmelina arborea and minimum (22.7%) in Ziziphus jujube;
while percentage of clay has been found maximum (26.61%) in Zizyphus jujube
followed by Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sisso, Swietenia mahogoni, and
minimum (22.74%) in Syzygium cumini.
Statistically bulk density has been shown significantly higher in Gmelina
arborea followed by Syzygium cumini, Swietenia mahogoni, Ziziphus jujube and
non-significant in Dalbergia sisso; whereas particle density has been observed
significantly higher in Syzygium cumini followed by Swietenia mahogoni,
Dalbergia sisso, Gmelina arborea and Ziziphus jujube has been found nonsignificant.
The soil porosity has been found significantly higher in Syzigium
cumini followed by Gmelina arborea, Swietenia mahogoni, Ziziphus jujube and
Dalbergia sissoo; while the water holding capacity has been observed
significantly higher in Gmelina arborea followed by Dalbergia sisso, Ziziphus
jujube, Syzygium cumini and Swietenia mahogoni; whereas in case of
percentage of sand, silt and clay it has been found non-significant in all the
species. Thus, it indicates that the physical properties of the soil have been
found improved in planted area.
The findings of the experiment indicated that Soil pH, Organic Carbon
(OC), Available Nitrogen (N), Available Potassium (K) increased in planted areas
than non planted areas while Available Phosphorous (P) has been found higher
in unplanted areas than planted area. The maximum value (6.07) of soil pH has
been observed higher in Dalbergia sisso followed by Gmelina arborea, Swietenia
mahogoni, Syzygium cumini and minimum (5.32) in Ziziphus jujube. The
maximum value (0.45) in soil organic carbon has been found higher in Gmelina
arborea followed by Dalbergia sisso, Swietenia mahogoni, Syzygium cumini and
minimum (0.40) in Ziziphus jujube. The maximum value (496.64) of available
nitrogen has been recorded in Dalbergia sisso followed by Syzygium cumini,
Ziziphus jujube, Gmelina arborea and minimum (419.54) in Swietenia
mahogoni; whereas maximum value (760.62) of available potassium has been
shown in Swietenia mahogoni followed by Syzygium cumini, Gmelina arborea,
Ziziphus jujube and minimum (714.38) in Dalbergia sisso. On contrary unplanted
area has been found maximum value (15.22kg/ha) of available phosphorous in
Dalbergia sisso followed by Swietenia mahogoni, Ziziphus jujube, Gmelina
arborea, and minimum (14.5kg/ha) in Syzygium cumini. Overall, the nutrient
status in all the species has been found in the sequential order as K>N>P. As
per statistical analysis the soil pH, has been found significantly higher in
Dalbergia sisso followed by Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus jujube, Gmelina arborea
and Swietenia mahogoni; whereas soil organic carbon depicts significantly
higher in Syzigium cumini followed by Gmelina arborea, Swietenia mahogoni,
Dalbergia sisso, and Ziziphus jujube. Available nitrogen has been observed
significantly higher in Syzygium cumini followed by Gmelina arborea, Ziziphus
jujube, Dalbergia sisso and Swietenia mahogoni; while Available phosphorous
has been shown significantly higher in Swietenia mahogoni followed by
Syzigium cumini, Dalbergia sisso, Gmelina arborea, and Ziziphus jujube. The
Available potassium has been found significantly higher in Syzygium cumini
followed by Zizyphus jujube, Swietenia mahogoni, Dalbergia sisso and Gmelina
arborea.
As per the growth parameter of the tree is concerned, the both diameter
and height have been found maximum (13.33 cm & 10.55 m respectively) in
Sweitenia mahogoni, which is a fast growing species. But, in case of diameter, it
has been followed by Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sisso, Syzygium cumini and
minimally (9.23 cm) Ziziphus jujube; while in case of height it has been followed
by Gmelina arborea, Dalbergia sisso, Syzigium cumini, and minimum (7.62 m) in
Ziziphus jujube. The crown width has been recorded maximum (5.62m) growth in
Swietenia mahogoni followed by Dalbergia sisso, Syzygium cumini, Ziziphus
jujube and minimum (3.67m) in Gmelina arborea. Therefore it may be concluded
from the present investigation that physical properties of soils was improved
considerably in planted area than that of unplanted area; the Soil pH, Soil
Organic Carbon (OC), available nitrogen (N) and available Potassium (K) were
found significantly higher in planted area compared to unplanted area . On
contrast, the available Phosphorous (P) showed reverse finding being
significantly higher in unplanted area. The finding of the results show an
increasing tendency in the soil pH which indicates conducive for the tree growth.
Description
STUDIES ON TREE-SOIL INTERACTION ON DIFFERENT SPECIES IN ARBORETUM
Keywords
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