PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF AESCHYNOMENE AMERICANA IN RATS
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Date
2021
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KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the pharmacological and toxicological
properties of Aeschynomene americana plant. Phytochemical analysis revealed the
presence of carbohydrates, starch, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, phytosterols,
triterpenoids, chalcones and coumarin. Evaluation of the in vivo anti-inflammatory
property of the plant extract at doses 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg using carrageenan
induced paw oedema model revealed significant anti-inflammatory activity. In vivo
analgesic activity was assessed by inhibition of writhing induced by acetic acid as
peripheral pain model and the extract at the doses 500 and 1000 mg/kg showed
significant analgesic activity. Acute oral and repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity studies
of methanolic extract was carried out in Wistar albino rats as per the OECD guidelines
423 and 407 respectively. In acute toxicity a dose level of 2000 mg/kg was studied. In
repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study dose levels of 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg were
administered daily and compared with the control rats. In toxicity studies, no mortality
and toxicity signs were observed grossly but cellular changes observed in
histopathology. Except for decrease in platelet and increase in AST in 28-day oral
toxicity study, haematological and biochemical parameters were within the reference
range in both the studies. Histopathology revealed dose dependent prominent
congestive and haemorrhagic changes in repeated dose study. The plant showed
significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic property that can be utilized to explore the
therapeutic efficacy but with caution as it revealed toxicity as well.
Key words: Aeschynomene americana, Phytochemical analysis, Anti-inflammatory
activity, Toxicity study, Wistar albino rats.