CYTOLOGICAL, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON CANINE TUMORS 3098
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Date
2020-10
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JAU, JUNAGADH
Abstract
The present research work was undertaken to compare cytological and
histopathological diagnosis of canine tumors and confirmation of origin and nature of
tumors by immunohistochemistry. The present work was carried out on twenty-six
cases of canine tumors. The study work was conducted at Department of Pathology,
College of Veterinary science and Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural
University, Junagadh, from October 2019 to July 2020. A total twenty seven samples
suspected for canine tumors were collected from TVCC, JAU, Junagadh as well as from
private pet clinics of Junagadh. Out of twenty seven, twenty-six cases were diagnosed
as neoplastic conditions whereas one case was diagnosed as non-neoplastic condition
and was excluded from study. The primary information pertaining to case viz. sex,
breed and age were collected.
All the cases of canine tumors were first subjected to FNAC and staining for the
cytological examination then after, excisional biopsy of each tumor was collected for
histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Cytological smear were
stained with Giemsa as well as H&E stain and toluidine blue staining was performed in
mast cell tumor. Histopathological sections were stained with H&E staining while in
mast cell tumor and fibroma cases, Toluidine blue and Masson’s trichrome staining was
performed, respectively.
A total four cases of epithelial tumors (15.38%), five cases of mesenchymal
tumors (19.23%), six cases of round cell tumors (23.07%) and an eleven cases of
mammary gland tumors (42.30%) were found in the present study. Squamous cell carcinoma and trichoblastoma were the epithelial tumors found in the present study
whereas mesenchymal tumors found in the present study were fibroma, leiomyoma and
hemangioma. The present study comprised of round cell tumors including mast cell
tumor, TVT and lymphoma whereas mammary gland tumors include cystic papillary
adenoma, tubular-carcinoma, tubulo-papillary carcinoma, solid adenocarcinoma,
carcinoma-mixed type and malignant myoepithelioma.
Cytologically, fourteen cases were diagnosed as benign tumors, an eleven cases
were diagnosed as malignant tumors whereas one case was diagnosed as non-neoplastic
condition. A total fourteen cases of benign tumors and twelve cases of malignant tumors
were confirmed by histopathological examination. In the diagnosis of malignancy,
cytology showed 76.92% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity. Overall agreement between
cytological and histopathological diagnosis was found 84.61% (22/26) in the present
study. The false negative results were noted in three cases and one case was found false
positive when the cytological diagnosis compared with histopathological diagnosis in
the present study.
Immunohistochemistry using different biomarkers i.e. PCNA,
Ki-67, pancytokeratin, vimentin and desmin was performed in the tissue sections from
all the cases in the present study. Pancytokeratin, vimentin and desmin used to confirm
origin of the neoplastic cells whereas PCNA and Ki-67 used in determination of nature
of canine tumors in the present study. Epithelial tumors showed positive
immunoreactivity to the Pancytokeratin whereas all the mesenchymal tumors showed
positive immunoreactivity to the vimentin. No immunoreactivity with desmin was
found in any tumor case in the present study. Epithelial tumors were negative for
vimentin except in one case of squamous cell carcinoma whereas mesenchymal tumors
showed no immunoreactivity to the pancytokeratin. Variable degree of expression with
PCNA and Ki-67 found in different tumor cases in the present study.
The epithelial tumors including mammary gland tumors got 3 to 4 reactivity
scores for PCNA, mesenchymal tumors showed reactivity score of 1 and round cell
tumors obtained 2 or 3 reactivity score except mast cell tumor which didn’t showed
immunoreactivity to the PCNA. All the mesenchymal tumors and mast cell tumor
showed no immunoreactivity with Ki-67 whereas epithelial tumors including mammary
gland tumors obtained reactivity score of 2 except cystic papillary adenoma and tubular
carcinoma which obtained reactivity score of 1. Reactivity score of round cell tumors
were 2 except mast cell tumor.