Assessment of Weather variables on Growth and Yield of Rice under Ranchi region.
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Date
2023
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
Agriculture is an integral part of human life. The vulnerability of production and
productivity to weather and climatic changes demands usage of improved technologies and
crop varieties. Both weather and climate play a lead role in the prevailing environmental
conditions, livelihood and socio-economic conditions of a place.
Constantly increasing population and shrinking of cultivable land along with
increasing weather variability requires the study of various possible methods to obtain
maximum yield of crops. The growth and development of crops depend on the combined
effect of the genetic composition of crops as well as the prevailing abiotic environmental
factors. Crop phenology and its association with weather parameters is a crucial aspect to
determine the yield and yield attributes of crop. Phenological development is the most
important attribute involved in crop adaptation to varied growing environments. Both, the
season length and the relative duration of key phenophases, are critical determinants of
grain yield in field crops. The study of agrometeorological indices helps to determine the
phenophases of the crop and predict the duration of the same. This in turn establishes a
better concept in decision making for selection of appropriate varieties of crops according
to the prevailing climatic condition.
Field experiments were carried out in kharif season during the year 2022 to study
the influence of weather parameters on growth and yield of rice and to determine the
suitable variety accordingly. Mean maximum temperature of 32.9°C and mean minimum
temperature of 23.2°C was recorded during the entire crop growth period (23rd SMW to
45th SMW). A long dry spell with intermittent rainfall was noticed during the month of
June and mid-July.
The phenophasic duration was longest in early sown crops and among the three
different genotypes, Naveen required the longest duration (125 days) to attain its
phenological maturity. Accumulated growing degree days (GDD) during physiological
maturity was highest in early sown crop and decreased gradually with delay in sowing.
Similarly, the accumulated Heliothermal units (HTU) and Photothermal units (PTU) were
maximum in the early sown crops and decreased in delayed sowing condition. Among
varieties, Naveen accumulated highest GDD, HTU and PTU followed by MTU 1010 and
Sahbhagidhan, respectively. Normal sown crops received the highest amount of rainfall
(1770.2 mm. to 1776.2 mm.) during their entire crop growth duration, followed by late
sown crops (1693.2 mm. to 1770.2 mm.) and early sown crops (1707.4 mm.), respectively.
Previous 5 years’ data (2017 to 2022) was used to analyse the correlation of yield
and weather parameters during the different phenophases of rice. In Sahbhagidhan,
sunshine hours were significantly and positively correlated (r=0.70) during the sowingvegetative
phase and significantly negative correlation (r=-0.55) was observed during the
vegetative to flowering stage. In the genotype Naveen, rainfall showed significant negative
correlation (r=-0.49) during the vegetative-flowering stage and significant positive
correlation (r=0.47) during the grain filling-maturity stage. Sunshine hours showed
significant negative correlation (r=-0.55) during vegetative-flowering stage in Naveen.
MTU 1010 showed significant positive correlation (r=0.47) during the flowering-milking
stage.
Date of sowing exerted a significant effect on effective tillers per meter square,
fertile grains per ear, test weight, total dry matter, grain yield and harvest index of rice.
Highest mean yield (44.59 q/ha) was obtained under normal sown condition whereas
among varieties, Naveen produced the highest mean yield (44.65 q/ha). Higher values of
heat use efficiency (HUE) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) were obtained under normal
sown conditions which showed a decline in early and late sown condition. Among
genotypes, Naveen recorded highest HUE in normal (2.3 kg/ha/°C) and late sown
condition (2.0kg/ha/°C). Similarly, Naveen recorded higher RUE in normal (2.6 g/MJ) and
early sown (2.1 g/MJ) condition.