Combining Ability and Stability Analysis for Yield and Yield Attributes in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Combining Ability and
Stability Analysis for Yield and Yield Attributes in Sesame (Sesamum
indicum L.)” was carried out to study combining ability, components of
genetic variance, heterosis, heterobeltiosis and stability analysis for
yield and yield attributes under three environmental conditions
produced by three different dates of sowing viz., normal, late and very
late sowing for yield and its attributes by performing diallel analysis
(Griffing Method II, Model I) and Hayman‟s graphical analysis. To
achieve the objectives of the present investigation, ten genetically
diverse parents, namely, RT-346, TKG-22, RT-372, TC-25, PRAGATI,
RT-46, RT-125, RT-103, GT-10 and RT-351 were crossed in half diallel
fashion excluding reciprocals in kharif 2019-20. These ten parents
along with their 45 F1 progenies were evaluated in a randomized block
design with three replications during kharif 2020-21 at Agronomy Farm
of S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan).
Significant differences were found among parents for all the
traits in all the three environments. The F1 generation also displayed
significant difference for all the characters in all the three environments.
The GCA and SCA variances were significant for all the traits in all the
three environments which indicated the importance of both additive and
non-additive genetic control of all the attributes under investigation.
The GCA/SCA variance ratio was found below unity which indicatedthe preponderance of non-additive gene action for all the attributes in
all the three environments under investigation
An overall evaluation of GCA effects over the environments
showed that the parents RT-346, TKG-22, RT-372 and RT-351
emerged as good general combiners for seed yield per plant whereas
the crosses RT-346 x RT-351, TKG-22 x RT-372, RT-372 x RT-351
and RT-103 x RT-351 appeared as good specific cross combinations
for seed yield per plant and its attributes in all the environmental
conditions.
The evaluation of components of genetic variation manifested
that both additive (D) and dominance (H1 and H2) components were
significant for all the attributes except capsule girth in very late sown
condition where additive dominance model fitted. It indicated that both
components were operating in the expression of the traits.
The graphical analysis revealed that there was partial
dominance to over dominance for different characters under normal,
late as well as very late sown conditions. The scattering of array points
indicated the existence of genetic diversity among the parents for most
of the traits.
Sufficient degree of heterosis and heterobeltiosis was observed
for all the traits. The crosses, RT-346 × TKG-22, TKG-22 x RT-372,
TKG-22 × GT-10, RT-372 × GT-10, RT-372 × RT-351 and GT-10 × RT 351 exhibited significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis for seed yield
per plant and some other attributes under all the three environmental
conditions. Such crosses may be considered as potential crosses
through the transgressive segregants for tangible advancement of
sesame yield and oil content under normal, late and very late sown
condition.
On the basis of per se performance, SCA effects, heterosis and
heterobeltiosis, the crosses, RT-346 × TKG-22, TKG-22 x RT-372, RT 372 × GT-10, RT-372 × RT-351 and GT-10 × RT-351 emerged as good
crosses for seed yield per plant and the crosses RT-346 x TKG-22, RT-
372 x GT-10, PRAGATI x RT-125, RT-125 x RT-103 and GT-10 x RT 351 were most desirable for oil content in all environmental conditions.
Genotype X environment interaction was significant for all the
traits under study. On basis of stability analysis, parents TKG-22, GT 10 and RT-351 and crosses TKG-22 x GT-10, RT-372 x RT-103, TC 25 x RT-46, TC-25 x RT-46, RT-103 x GT-10 exhibited stable
performance for seed yield per plant in different environmental
conditions. On the other hand, crosses RT-346 × TKG-22, RT-346 ×
RT-351, TKG-22 x RT-372, TKG-22 x TC-25 and RT-372 × RT-351
indicated its suitability and stability under better environmental
conditions. These crosses could be utilized as a promising breeding
material for the development of new set of sesame varieties.
It was concluded that an appreciable progress could be
achieved through diallel selective mating or biparental mating in early
segregating generations followed by selection. Inclusion of F1 hybrids
having high SCA and parents having good GCA into multiple crosses
could also prove a worthwhile approach for tangible advancement of
seed yield and oil content in sesame