“CLINICAL STUDIES ON PREVALENCE AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE PARVOVIRUS INFECTION IN DOGS”
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Date
2018-09
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JAU,JUNAGADH
Abstract
The present study entitled “CLINICAL STUDIES ON PREVALENCE AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF CANINE PARVOVIRUS INFECTION IN DOGS” was conducted at Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The duration of study was September, 2017 to June, 2018. A total of 100 fecal samples from dogs showing the symptoms like vomiting, diarrhoea, melena, dehydration and anorexia were considered for study. The parvovirus infection was diagnosed by rapid parvovirus antigen detection kit (ScanVet Parvo Kit) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The prevalence in relation to breed, age, sex, vaccination status and month were studied based on the result of PCR assay. Positive cases were treated as per the predecided treatment protocol. The hematological alterations in the positive cases of CPV were studied before treatment.
The study revealed that 26 and 40 dogs were confirmed for the presence of the CPV infection in faecal sample through ScanVet Parvo kit and PCR assay, respectively out of suspected cases. Thereby, based on PCR assay, the overall prevalence of canine parvovirus infection at T.V.C.C., Veterinary College, Junagadh was 40 %. The higher prevalence was observed in exotic breeds (67.5 %) in comparison with non descriptive (32.5 %) dogs. Higher prevalence observed in German shepherd (30 %) followed by Labrador retriever (10 %), Rottweiler (10 %) and Doberman pinscher (10 %) among exotic breed. The lower prevalence were found in Spitz (5 %) followed by Siberian husky (2.5 %).
Out of 100 suspected cases of CPV, The highest prevalence was noted between the 2 - 4 months age group (42.5 %) followed by 0 - 2 months (30 %), 4 - 6 months (17.5 %) and 6 - 8 months (10 %) age groups. The prevalence of CPV infection was recorded 55 % in males and 45 % in females.
The higher prevalence was confirmed for CPV by PCR assay during the month of November (35 %), followed by December (25 %), October (17.5 %), January (10 %) and February (10 %). Moreover, the lower prevalence was noted in the month April (2.5 %). However, none of the suspected cases were found positive during March, May, June and September. Non vaccinated dogs were more prone for CPV infection as compared to vaccinated dogs.
The faecal samples found positive by ‘ScanVet Parvo kit’ were randomly divided in three different groups for therapeutic trial. The clinico-haemological observations of different groups were recorded. The major clinical signs exhibited by dogs suffering from parvovirus gastroenteritis were dullness, depression, anorexia, emaciation, dehydration, diarrhoea and vomiting. Haemorrhagic diarrhoea was present in 49 % cases. Faeces was yellowish watery and greenish watery in 23 % and 28 % of cases, respectively. Vomition was shown by 92 % dogs.
The difference in the pulse rate and temperature was highly significant (P < 0.01) in comparison with healthy dogs where as respiration rates also significantly (P < 0.05) differed.
Among the hematological parameters, hemoglobin, lymphocyte, total leukocyte count and total erythrocyte counts were lower and packed cell volume, neutrophils and monocyte count were found higher on day 0 in CPV infected dogs as compared to healthy dogs. Higher MCV and lower MCHC suggested macrocytic hypochromic anaemia.
A total of 100 faecal samples were screened by ScanVet parvo rapid test kit and Polymerase Chain Reaction techniques for confirmation of presence of virus in the faecal samples. Out of 100 screened samples, 40 (40 %) were found amplified and yielded the products at 681 and 427 bps. Further, among 40 PCR positive samples, 37 amplified products found to be of ~ 583 bps and 3 products of ~ 427 bps. The samples amplified at 583 and 427 bps were positive for CPV infection of type 2c and type 2ab, respectively.
The ScanVet Parvo, a rapid antigen detection test showed 65 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity in detection of CPV infection from faecal samples in comparison to PCR technique.
Therapeutic trial was carried out in three groups viz group A, group B and group C. Each group had six animals. Positive cases detected by ScanVet Parvo kit were selected for all groups. Group A dogs were treated with Cefotaxime @ 25 mg/kg bwt q 24 hr IntraVenous (IV), group B dogs were treated with Amikacine @ 10 mg/kg bwt q 24 hr IntraMuscular (IM) and Ceftriaxone @ 25 mg/kg bwt q 24 hr IntraVenous (IV), group C dogs were treated with Ceftriaxone Tazobectum @ 25 mg/kg bwt q 24 hr IntraVenous (IV) along with supportive therapy.
There was mortality on 5th day in group A and group C dogs. The case fatality rate of group A and group C were 50 % (3/6) and 33.33 % (2/6), respectively and no mortality observed in group B. In view of case fatality, the clinical efficacy in group A, group B and group C dogs were 50 % (3/6), 100 % (6/6) and 66.66 % (4/6), respectively. Thus, the clinical efficacy of Ceftriaxone along with Amikacin was greater in CPV affected dogs in terms of survivability and recovery
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VETERINARY CLINICAL MEDICINE