Genetic Divergence Analysis in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Date
2023
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
The current study, "Genetic divergence analysis in groundnut (Arachis
hypogaea L.)" was carried out in the Kharif, 2022 at Instructional farm, MPUAT. 35
different genotypes, including four checks (TG-37A, GG-7, JL-501, and PM-3), were
grown in three replications in RBD. All observations for the thirteen characters were
recorded, including days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm),
number of branches per plant, pods per plant, 100-kernel weight (g), shelling
percentage (%), sound mature kernels (%), dry pod yield per plant (g) biological yield
per plant (g), harvest index (%), oil content (%) and protein content (%).
The data then went to an array of statistical analyses, including variance
estimates, correlation, estimation of various variability factors, correlation, path
analysis, and genetic divergence for all thirteen traits. In the analysis of variance each
genotype was highly significant for all the characters, indicating considerable amount
of variability for all the characters and thereby good scope for precise phenotypic
based selection. The moderate values (10-20%) for GCV and PCV was found for dry
pod yield per plant (g) (15.67%) and harvest index (%) (13.79%) in the current
investigation, indicating a significant role of environment on the character expression
in groundnut. The magnitude of PCV in the investigation was higher than the
magnitude of GCV for all characters.
Highest value of heritability was found for harvest index (95.16) while the
lowest value of heritability was found for days to 50 per cent flowering (23.37).At
both the genotypic and phenotypic levels, there was a positive and significant
association between the dry pod yield per plant and the number of pods per plant and
oil content. The sound mature kernel (0.9428) had the highest direct positive effect on
dry pod yield per plant, followed by the 100-kernel weight (0.3861), biological yield per plant (0.3797) and protein content (0.0016), had a positive influence on dry pod
yield per plant.
Thirty five groundnut genotypes were divided into ten clusters based on a
divergence analysis Cluster I had maximum number of genotypes followed by cluster
II and cluster III which contains two clusters each. And the remaining clusters viz., IV,
V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X contains only one genotypes in each. The maximum intra
cluster distance was found within cluster III (8.55). The maximum inter cluster
distance was observed between cluster VIII and cluster III (14.65). Therefore, the
selection of parents should be done from clusters VIII and III having a wider intercluster
distance to get more variability and heterotic effect.
The genotypes UG-199, UG-202, UG-209, GG7, and PM-3 were determined
to be superior based on this investigation. Thus, the following genotypes can be
employed in further breeding programmes.
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Citation
Dhaker S.K. and Singh P.B.