Food – Based approach to manage PEM among children of 3-6 years
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Date
2011
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Publisher
MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to assess food based approach in management of PEM among
children of 3-6 years. For the purpose a Supplementary product ladoo rich in energy & protein was
prepared using various ingredients like wheat & bengal gram flour, groundnut, til, milk powder and
jaggery. Ladoo was analyzed for its nutritional composition. It was found that 100g of laddoo
contains 405 kcal, 11.60 g of protein, 10.83 g of fat, and 2 g of ash, and 65.11 g of carbohydrate.
Effect of product in management of malnutrition was assessed by assessing changes in
anthropometric measurement, dietary intake and presence of clinical signs of PEM among
malnourished children after intervention. A pre-post test design was used to assess the effect of
supplementary food. To select the 10 normal and 30 malnourished children a preliminary survey
was conducted on one hundred five children (3-6 years) of village Bhesana, Jhadol block of Udaipur
district (Rajasthan). Each of the children was measured for their weight and categorized on the basis
of Gomez classification using NCHS standards to assess the nutritional status.
Background information of the children indicated that majority (98.09%) of them were
Hindu belonged to SC (98%) category and about 70 percent of them were from nuclear family
(68.57%). Nutritional status of 105 children by weight measurement revealed that only 32 percent
children were normal and 78 percent had different grades of malnutrition. Out of these children 10
normal and 30 malnourished, (10 in each category of mild, moderate, severe) were selected on the
basis of willingness and cooperation ensured by their parents. Ten normal children were also
included in the study to serve as control group. The experimental group (malnourished children) was
supplemented 100g ladoo per day for 60 days.
Results showed that percentage of normal children raised from 25 before intervention to
32.5 after intervention. About 63 percent of children were normal by height increased to 70 percent
after intervention. About 8 percent subjects were normal by skin fold triceps for age which was
increased to 12.5 percent after intervention. Percentage (17.5 percent) of normal children by mid
arm circumference remained same after intervention. Due to supplement the weight of children
under all the category increased significantly (p<0.05). The increment observed was 1.07, 1.15 and
0.8 kg for grade I, II and III children respectively after 60 days intervention.
Dietary intake of all the children under study was poor than the recommended daily
allowances. The significant (p<0.05, 0.01) improvement in daily intake was observed due to the
contribution of supplement in daily diet.
Percentage prevalence of clinical signs observed in selected children i.e. wasted muscle, flag
sign, dry and brittle hair, easy pluckability of hair, moon face and odema were 67.5, 78, 75, 20, 25
and 8 percent respectively. No change was found in clinical examination after intervention of 60
days may be due to the fact that reversible action of clinical sign occurs late than the anthropometric
parameter. The study concluded that the food based approach is effective in management of
malnutrition.
Key Words: Malnutrition, Nutritional status, Supplementation,
Description
Food – Based approach to manage PEM among children of 3-6 years
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Citation
Rathore and Jain, 2011