IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MUSHROOM GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA FROM CASING SOIL AND THEIR EFFECT ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF BUTTON MUSHROOM
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Date
2024-05-25
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UHF Nauni
Abstract
Globally, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach is cultivated as a food source, undergoing a
crucial transition from vegetative to reproductive stages facilitated by a specific casing layer. In the
present investigation 90 bacterial isolates from casing soil were collected and screened to see the
effect of mushroom growth promoting bacteria (MGPB) on quality and yield of Agaricus bisporus
(Lange) Imbach. The bacterial isolates were isolated on nutrient agar medium. Out of 90 isolates, 52
were selected for exhibiting all the traits associated with Mushroom Growth Promotion (MGP). SNG9
exhibited (226.39%) maximum qualitative P-solubilization and PRG10 showed maximum (173.51
μg/ml) quantitative P-solubilization. SNG10 demonstrated maximum siderophore production
efficiency (158.15%) and per cent siderophore unit (201.57%). SNG10 also produced the highest IAA
(41.59 μg/ml), while SNG9 had maximum gibberellic acid (55.31 μg/ml) and 85.56 per cent isolates
demonstrated nitrogen-fixing ability. Chitinase activity was observed in 53.85 per cent of isolates,
with PRG10 (4.22) having the highest enzyme index. Fifty per cent showed cellulase activity and
KLH8 (5.55) exhibited the highest enzyme index. Protease activity was observed in 55.77 per cent
with PRG10 having the highest enzyme index (4.43). Twelve isolates produced HCN and six showed
antagonistic effects (>25%) against Trichoderma harzianum. Five highly effective bacterial
antagonists exhibited >25% antagonistic effects against Mycogone perniciosa. Through
morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization, the bacterial isolates were identified as
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (PRG10), Sphingobacterium nematocida (SNG9), Pseudomonas putida
(SNG10) and Bacillus proteolyticus (KLH8). In field experiments, these isolates, either individually
or in combination (PRG10, SNG9, SNG10 and KLH8) at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ml were
tested for white button mushroom growth. Treatments like PRG10+SNG9 at 5ml, SNG9+SNG10 at
5ml, SNG10+KLH8 at 7.5ml and KLH8 at 7.5ml exhibited a significant increase in yield (31.17%,
24.58%, 21.48% and 18.79%) and various growth parameters compared to the uninoculated control.
Moreover, these treatments improved the physio-chemical properties of the casing soil, contributing
to enhanced nutritional status in mushrooms. Therefore, these bacterial isolates possess significant
potential for enhancing the yield and quality of button mushrooms.