DETECTION OF PROTEUS MIRABILIS IN FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN, ANIMAL AND HUMAN CLINICAL SAMPLES AND WATER WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON β-LACTAMASES
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Date
2018-12
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
P. mirabilis is an emerging foodborne pathogen having worldwide public health
concern. The present study was undertaken to characterize P. mirabilis species of
animal and human origin based on cultural isolation, PCR detection, antibiogram,
virulence profiles and genetic diversity. A total of 507 samples comprising foods of
animal origin (215), faecal swab samples (188), human urine samples (65), human
diarrhoeic stool samples (12) as well as water samples (27) were examined.
Overall prevalence of P. mirabilis was found to be 34.51% (175/507) by
species-specific PCR. Among foods of animal origin, the highest rate of P. mirabilis
isolates were recovered from chicken samples (38.7%), followed by pork (37.5%) and
mutton samples (28.9%). Among faecal swabs of livestock, the highest rate of
P. mirabilis isolates were recovered from poultry (49%), followed by pigs (37.8%).
Human urine samples showed a prevalence rate of 10.7%. Water samples showed 7.4%
prevalence. All the human diarrhoeic stool samples were negative for P. mirabilis.
All the P. mirabilis isolates carried a combination of putative virulence genes.
The genes ureC, ureA, flaA, hpmA and zapA were detected in 80.5%, 72.5%, 28.5%,
60.5% and 50.28% of P. mirabilis isolates, respectively. Antibiogram of P. mirabilis isolates revealed sensitivity towards gentamicin
(76.57%), followed by ampicillin (64.57%), kanamycin (61.14%), amikacin (60.57%)
and streptomycin (43.42%). Higher resistance was observed for erythromycin
(71.42%), nalidixic acid (62.85%), ciprofloxacin (62.85%), tetracycline (60%),
polymyxin-B (60%), cefoxitin (49.14%) and amikacin (36%). Notable percentages of
isolates were intermediately resistant against streptomycin (33.14%), erythromycin
(20.57%) and cefoxitin (18.28%). β-lactamase genes were detected in a total of 23
isolates (13.14%). Prevalence rates of β-lactamase genes among different samples was
23.6%, 11.1%, 10.8% and 42.8% from chicken, pork, poultry cloacal swabs and human
urine samples, respectively with blaTEM being the predominant gene detected
(69.56%) followed by blaOXA (26.08%), blaAmpC gene FOX (13.04%), blaCTX-M
group I (4.34%), blaSHV (4.34%) and blaAmpC gene CIT (4.34%) among all the
tested P. mirabilis isolates. Of the twenty-three P. mirabilis isolates analyzed, twenty-three ERIC-PCR patterns and twenty-two REP-PCR patterns were obtained. A pair of P. mirabilis
isolates (13 and 14) that had identical REP-PCR pattern (R13) were distinguished by
ERIC-PCR into two different genotypes (E13 and E14). The two P. mirabilis isolates
sharing identical REP-PCR pattern (R13) but differential ERIC-PCR pattern (E13 and
E14) were recovered from poultry cloacal swabs (PC 4 and PC 5) collected from LFC,
Gannavaram. The discriminatory power ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR for P. mirabilis
isolates was found to be 1 and 0.996, respectively. Close clustering between P. mirabilis
of animal and human origin are indicative of probable zoonotic significance.
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