MOLECULAR VARIABILITY AND INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF PAPAYA RINGSPOT VIRUS (PRSV)
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Date
2017-09-28
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU
Abstract
Papaya Ringspot Virus (PRSV) is posing a major threat to papaya cultivation
throughout India by rendering orchards economically unproductive. Survey
conducted in 2014-15 revealed that 100 per cent PRSV incidence was observed at
some locations of Bangalore rural and Bangalore urban districts of Karnataka, while
highest average incidence was recorded at Ramanagara (82 %). In Andhra Pradesh,
Kadapa district recorded highest average disease incidence of 70 per cent, while in
Telangana, 24 per cent incidence of PRSV was observed in Hyderabad. In Kerala
PRSV incidence was highest in Kottayam (77 %) and in Tamil Nadu, highest average
incidence of 70 per cent was observed at Coimbatore. Comparison of P1 proteinase
gene of PRSV deposited in NCBI GenBank revealed that nucleotide identity of South
Indian PRSV isolates ranged from 87 to 72 per cent. None of the fifteen cultivated
papaya varieties was found to possess resistance to PRSV both under glasshouse and
field conditions. Extracts of Acorus calamus (5 %), Boerhavia diffusa (5 %),
Kappaphycus alvarezii (KH-1 %), Eucheuma spinosum (SH-1 %) and Silicic acid (1 %)
showed significant inhibitory effect on PRSV. Silver nanoparticles (60 to 100 nm) were
prepared by green synthesis process using neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract. The
extract of B. diffusa (5 %), colloidal Silver nanoparticles (100 ppm), Silver nanoparticles
(50 ppm) prepared by green synthesis process and K. alvarezii (LBS3-1 %) showed
significant inhibitory effect on PRSV multiplication both under field and glasshouse
conditions. Adoption of integrated disease management module (III) a combination of
maize (South African tall) as barrier crop, use of silver reflective mulch row cover and
spraying with extract of A. calamus (5 %), K. alvarezii extract (KH-1 %) and insecticide
imidacloprid (0.05 %) at monthly interval resulted in 142.39 per cent increase in yield
over control with highest return per rupee invested (1.91).
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