GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERS IN BREAD WHEAT(Triticum aestivum L.)
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Date
2023
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Genetic diversity for yield and quality characters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was carried outat western section of research farm, BAU, Kanke, Ranchiduring Rabi2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in Augmented Block Design comprising 50 test entries,along with four checks viz., DBW 187, DBW 222, GW 322, and WB 02.The entire experimental field was divided into five blocks of equal size and checks were randomly allocatedin each block. The fourteen characters studied were viz.,days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity, plant height (cm), spike length (cm), number of effective tillers per plant, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield per plant (g), biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%),protein content (%), sedimentation value (ml.), grain zinc content (ppm) and grain iron content (ppm).The observeddata were utilized for estimation ofexisting variability by computing means, rangeand least significant differences, variability, heritability in broad sense, genetic advance as per cent of mean, correlations coefficient, pathcoefficients and genetic divergence.
The genotype, GW 2021-1022 (9.45g)produced highest grain yield per plantfollowed by QLD 125, WB 02©, PBS 03.With respect to different wheat quality parameters, genotypeBNSR 8found promising for protein content, INDB 2119 for grain iron content and PBS 01 for grain zinc content.These genotypes were also had high to very high mean performance for several other yield components and may be utilized as a donor parentsin hybridization programme.Zinc content and sedimentation value show highest genotypic co-efficient of variation and phenotypic co-efficient of variation among all the parameters studied.High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for quality traits like sedimentation value, iron content, zinc content and also for yield attributes viz., number ofgrains per spike, biological yield per plant andspike length.The grain yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with harvest index.The path analysis revealed harvest index, biological yield per plant and protein content emerged as most important direct contributors towards grain yield per plant.All fifty-four wheat genotypes were grouped into six distinct clusters by D2analysis. Cluster-VI observed maximum number of genotypes (21) whereas Cluster-IV had minimum number of genotypes (2).The maximum intra-cluster distance was recorded for Cluster-Iwhereas Cluster-VI recordedthe minimum intra-cluster distance. The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between Cluster-I and II,while minimum inter-cluster distance was observed between Cluster-II and VI.