EFFECT OF SEEDING TIME AND IRRIGATION ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT CULTIVARS
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Date
2013
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Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract
Wheat crop requires cool weather during vegetative phase and warm weather during
reproductive phase. A mean daily temperature of 20 OC has been observed optimum for
seeding, around 15 OC for satisfactory tillering and 25 OC for physiological maturity. Hence,
mean air temperature between 20 OC and 25 OC at any location decides growing period and
productivity of wheat crop. In context of changing climate an investigation on “Effect of seeding
time and irrigation on growth, development and productivity of wheat cultivars” consisting two
set of experiments viz (i) Effect of seeding time and irrigation on growth, development and
productivity of wheat and (ii) Effect of seeding time on the growth, development and
productivity of wheat cultivars was conducted during winter season of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at
Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi. Soil was sandy loam (sand 65.28%, silt 18% and clay
16.72%), low in available N (217.8 kg/ha), medium in P (12.43 kg/ha) and K (153.04 kg/ha)
having available soil moisture of 12.65 cm/m of soil depth with pH 5.57. First experiment laid
out in split plot design consisted of 3 irrigation treatments in the main plot (3 irrigations at
CRI+boot+milk, 5 irrigations at CRI+MT+LJ+flowering+milk and at IW/CPE=0.9) and 5 sowing
dates in the sub plot (30 Oct, 15 Nov, 30 Nov, 15 Dec and 30 Dec) whereas second experiment,
also in split plot consisted of 4 varieties in main plot (K 9107, K 0307, HUW 234 and NW 2036)
and 5 sowing dates in the sub plots (30 Oct, 15 Nov, 30 Nov, 15 Dec and 30 Dec).
Wheat receiving 5 irrigations at crown root initiation, maximum tillering, late jointing,
flowering and milk maintained better growth and development throughout the crop life and
hence produced significantly higher mean grain yield of 3.76 t/ha due to higher yield attributing
characters (spikes/m2-328, grains/spike-45 and 1000 grain weight-39.91 g) and straw yield of
5.91 t/ha with higher water use (459.03 mm) and water use efficiency (8.2 kg/ha-mm),
extracting more water from surface soil than the crop receiving 3 irrigations. It also gave
significantly higher net return (Rs 37070/ha), benefit: cost ratio (1.5), net energy output (87223
MJ/ha), energy use efficiency (6.56) and lower specific energy (5395 MJ/t) than the crop
receiving 3 irrigations and irrigation given on the basis of IW/CPE ratio. Among sowing dates, 15
November sown crop produced significantly higher grain yield of 4.47 and 4.71 t/ha and straw
yield of 6.71 and 6.06 t/ha in first and second experiment, respectively than rest of the sowing
dates. Net return, benefit: cost ratio, net energy output and energy use efficiency were also
higher in 15 November sown crop while specific energy was lowest (3501 and 3396 MJ/t in first
and second experiment, respectively), which is the desired index of crop production. Protein
content in grain, on the other hand, was highest in 30 December sowing (13.94 and 13.29 per
cent in first and second experiment, respectively).
In general varieties did not differ in terms of yield, energetics and economics, but their
performance varied when sown on different dates. Best results were obtained when sowing
was done on 15 November and all the parameters declined when sowing was deviated from 15
November. Maximum reduction in grain and straw yield, net energy output, energy use
efficiency, net returns and benefit cost ratio was recorded in varieties K9107 and K0307 while
lowest reduction was recorded in NW2036 and HUW234. Reduction in grain yield was in the
order of 49, 47, 27 and 25 per cent in K9107, K0307, HUW234 and NW2036, respectively when
sowing was delayed from 15 November to 30 December while corresponding reduction in net
return was Rs 33,201, Rs 33,466, Rs 16,056 and Rs 15,693. On the other hand, specific energy
increased by 3051, 2808, 1258 and 1124 MJ/t in K9107, K0307, HUW234 and NW2036,
respectively.
Description
EFFECT OF SEEDING TIME AND IRRIGATION ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT CULTIVARS
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