A Biotechnological Process for Treatment and Recycling of Cage Layer Manure as a Feed Ingredient for Egg –Type Chicken
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Date
2005
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Publisher
TANUVAS, Chennai
Abstract
A study was undertaken to evaluate the nutritive and feeding values of
fermented and unprocessed cage layer manure (CLM) as a feed ingredient in egg-type
chicken.
Ten samples of CLM were collected from different farms and analyzed. The
mean crude protein, true protein, uric acid, calcium and phosphorus in unprocessed
CLM were 17.42, 12.27, 6.30, 7.78 and 1.61 per cent. The neutral detergent fibre, acid
detergent fibre, hemicellulose and cellulose content of CLM were 46.03, 30.13, 15.90
and 17.79 per cent. In comparison to unprocessed CLM, fermented CLM had low
crude protein (16.86 %), true protein (8.19 %) and uric acid (5.76 %). The AME of
unprocessed and fermented CLM were 1050 and 1013 kcal/kg.
The E.coli, Salmonella, Staphylococci, Clostridium and yeast count in
unprocessed CLM were 6.9, 4.8, 9.5, 9.8 and 6.9 log10 cfu/g. In fermented product,
E.coli, Salmonella, Clostridium were absent and Staphylococci was reduced from 9.7
to 5.3 log10 cfu/g. Lactobacillus count in the fermented product was 12.36 log10 cfu/g.
Feeding trial was conducted in egg-type chicken to find out maximum level of
inclusion of fermented and unprocessed CLM, chicks were divided into seven groups
(with three replicates in each group) and fed with isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet
containing 0, 5, 7.5, 10 per cent fermented CLM and 5, 7.5 and 10 per cent
unprocessed CLM.
During 0 to 4 weeks, the weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of the
fermented CLM was comparable to control except for reduced feed intake in 7.5 per
cent fermented CLM fed groups. The weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency
were not influenced by inclusion of fermented and unprocessed CLM up to 10 per
cent during 5 to 8 weeks of age or during the chick phase (0 to 8 weeks of age).
Feeding of fermented and unprocessed CLM did not influence weight of
organs (gizzard, heart, intestine) expressed in percentage of live weight, intestinal
length and pH. Fermented CLM fed birds had higher liver weight (percentage of live
weight) than birds fed with unprocessed CLM. Serum uric acid, serum protein, serum
albumin and globulin were not influenced by feeding different levels of unprocessed
and fermented CLM.
Microbial load of jejunum showed increased E.coli, Salmonella, Staphylococci
and Lactobacillus count in treated groups than control. Clostridium was absent in all
groups. Microbial population of excreta from birds fed with fermented and
unprocessed CLM showed comparable E.coli, Lactobacillus in all treated groups and
higher Salmonella, Staphylococci and Clostridium count in unprocessed CLM fed
groups.
Villi length, epithelial thickening, crypts number per field and width were not
influenced by feeding different levels of fermented and unprocessed CLM. Significant
increase in villi width was noticed in the birds fed fermented CLM
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Keywords
Veterinary Science, Animal Nutrition