A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Chromium Intervention on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile of type-2 Diabetics
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Date
2004
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MPUAT, Udaipur
Abstract
The study was undertaken to find out the effect of chromium intervention on blood glucose and lipid profile of type-2 diabetics. Sixty type-2 diabetics were selected form the out patients of PBM hospital, Bikaner (Raj). An interview schedule was developed to collect information about the subjects and their family. The nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements, dietary survey, body composition, biophysical and biochemical examination using standardized techniques. Diet of diabetics when compared with dietary modifications suggested by Vishwanathan and Mohan (1991) and Raghuram (2000), was found adequate in fat (92.78%), carbohydrate (109.79%), thiamine (111.66%), riboflavin (100%), niacin (96.37%) and vitamin C (169.50%). In addition their diet was slightly inadequate in energy (82.65%) and protein (80%) where as extremely low in fibre (31.02%). The chromium content in the diet of study group was also lower (97µg) than the recommendation. Mean height and weight of the patients was 157 cm and 65.46 kg. Weight of the study population was 109 percent which was more than the weight of reference Indian. Mean percent weight for height was 95, indicating that study population was normal. Nearly sixty percent of patients suffering from different grades of malnutrition as per the BMI categories, while 46.66 percent had abdominal obesity. Only 13.33 percent of patients were normal and remaining was obese having body fat more than normal limit. As per the biophysical parameters study group was mild hypertensive. Results of biochemical estimations elucidate that study group was at moderate risk of dislipidemia having 138.51 mg/dl, 49.26 mg/dl and 116.80 mg/dl level of triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C level respectively. However cholesterol (196.31 mg/dl) and VLDL-C (28.81 mg/dl) indicate patients were at borderline moderate risk of macro vascular diseases. At initial level fasting blood glucose (188.19 mg/dl) and HbA1C (9.12%) elucidate elevated levels as per the recommendation of UKPDS (1998).
For the clinical trial, all the selected patients were randomly divided in to three groups having 20 patients in each group and supplemented with: 1) palcebo, 2) 620 µg chromium from arecanut ash, or 3) 41.66 µg chromium from brewer's yeast. There was no significant reduction was observed in blood glucose and lipid profile of type-2 diabetics of placebo group. In ash group although there was decline in HbA1C and fasting blood glucose level and lipid profile but the reduction was non-significant. However in yeast supplemented group significant difference was observed in total body fat and bio chemical parameters after completion of the study. Plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and VLDL-C were significantly decreased, where as HDL-C level was increased significantly in 41.66 µg chromium supplemented group. Fasting blood glucose level of yeast group significantly reduced from 164.66 mg/dl to 103.68 mg/dl. The glycosylated hemoglobin values improved significantly after 3 months of supplementation.
The predication coefficient equation revealed that yeast supplementation was about 3-5 times effective on HbA1c, glucose and cholesterol variables in subjects with type-2 diabetics.
Chromium enriched products (biscuits, bread, toast, mathri and chakle) were also developed from the brewer's yeast, arecanut powder and arecanut ash. The products with arecanut powder had lower scores in individual sensory traits due to its chocolate color, distinct flavour and poor after taste. However yeast and ash products unfold the truth that in baked preparations as well as in traditional snacks these are eminently incorporated.
Hence, it can be concluded that chromium plays an important role in controlling glucose and lipid profile of type-2 diabetics. However the form of chromium i.e. inorganic and organic determines the impact. Inorganic form i.e. arecanut ash 3-5 times less effective than organic form in brewer’s yeast may be due to absorption factor
Description
A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Chromium Intervention on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile of type-2 Diabetics
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Citation
Sharma and Jain, 2004