EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT GROWING ENVIRONMENTS
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Date
2020
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
The present study was conducted during Rabi, 2018-2019 at Western section
Research Farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand with 35 genotypes of
chickpea [Cicer arietinum (L.)] obtained from different geographic regions to study the
variability, heritability, genetic advance, path analysis and the stability analysis.
The results of the analysis of variance for the fourteen characters in thirty five
genotypes of chickpea revealed highly significant differences. High heritability coupled
with comparatively high genetic advance observed for days to first flowering, days to 50
% flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight (g) and protein
content (%) indicating the predominance of additive gene action.
The character association studies revealed that days to 50% flowering, days to
maturity, number of pods per plant and grain yield per plant exhibited highly significant
positive correlation. Hence, the simultaneous selection of these traits will improve the
seed yield.
The present findings showed the phenotypic stability of thirty five promising
selections of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under three different dates of sowing
environments viz., 31st October 2018 (E1), 14th November 2018 (E2), and 29th
November 2018 (E3) during Rabi 2018-19 have been estimated as per Eberhart and
Russell model (1966). The results revealed that, a wide range of variation was observed
among the thirty five genotypes with GCV and PCV with respect to number of primary
branches per plant, number of seeds per plant, wilt incidence, survival percentage,
germination percentage, plant height, infestation of pod borer, protein content, yield per
plant, 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant were more variable characters. The
characters like studied high genotypic and phenotypic variance were recorded for 100-
seed weight, protein content, days to first flowering, days to 50 % flowering, day to
maturity, plant height, grain yield per plant, wilt incidence, germination percentage,
number of pods per plant and survival percentage. However low phenotypic variance
with number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per pod, and infestation of
pod borer whereas, genotypic variance were low for number of primary branches per
plant, number of seeds per pod and infestation of pod borer recorded. An estimate of
high heritability were recorded for 100-seed weight, days to first flowering, days to 50 %
flowering, protein content, days to maturity, grain yield per plant, number of pods per
plant. However, it was moderate for germination percentage, plant height, while the same
was lowest for number of seeds per pod, survival percentage, wilt incidence and
infestation of pod borer.
High to moderate genetic advance were recorded for protein content, number
of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight , days to first flowering ,
days to maturity, days to 50 % flowering, wilt incidence, number of primary branches
per plant, grain yield per plant and survival percentage. While it was low for infestation
of pod borer, germination percentage and plant height which, may be due to additive
gene effect and selection would be rewarding for these traits. The protein recovery was
significantly higher (24.06%) in F3-5/F9 than the population mean as well as all the
checks over the environments. The protein content recovered from the genotypes at the
highest protein content was registered by the genotype PAO2616R-3062. In general
protein, recovery was maximum on 31st Oct.2018 and 14th Nov. 2018 in comparison to
29th Nov.2018. Out of thirty five, two genotypes (PAO2716R-3167 and BIRSA
CHANA-3) showed resistant reaction against the wilt incidence across the environments
and only one genotype resistant to the infestation of pod borer is KWR-108.
Considering all three environments PAO3616R-13780, PAO4116R-1036,
PAO2616R-3072, BAUG-103 and PAO2616R-3062 are best genotypes over the
environments and PAO2616R-3072, 3040, PAO4116R-1036, PAO2616R-3071 and
PAO2616R-3062 in the first environment (E1) specific genotypes. In second (E2))
environment specific genotypes are PAO3616R-13780, PAO4116R-1001, GG-02,
PAO3216R-9527 and PAO2716R-3167 and third environment (E3) specific genotypes
are PAO3616R-13780, BAUG-103, PAO4116R-1036, 1031 and PAO2616R-3072 high
yield performance under a wide range of environments.
G x E interaction analysis revealed significant differences among the genotypes
for most of the characters over the environments. Significant linear component of G x E
interaction for all the characters except number of seeds per pod and 100-seed weight
under the study suggested that the genotypes differed for their linear response to the
environments. Considering all the stability parameters, seven genotypes namely
PAO3216R-9559, PAO2616R-3072, PAO2716R-3167, PAO4116R-13898, BIRSA
CHANA-3, KWR-108 and F3-5/F9 were identified as stable genotypes with higher
GRAIN yield along with most of the yield attributing characters over population mean
and both the checks under a wide range of environments. Among these seven stable
genotypes, PAO3216R-9559 was identified as the most stable one.