Molecular Epidemiology of Antibiotic Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Poultry and Associated Environment
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Date
2024-02-16
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U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura Uttar Pradesh India-281001
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of Enterococcus species in
various samples of poultry origin like poultry cloacal swab, poultry meat sample, handler’s
hand swab and poultry associated environment (water, feed and environment) by cultural
isolation, PCR detection, haemolytic activity, biofilm formation and antibiogram. Antibiotic
profiling of Enterococcus spp. isolates was done by disc diffusion method. The prevalence of
virulence genes like gelE, asa, hyl, esp and cyl in the Enterococcus isolates was done by PCR.
Total 305 samples were processed for the isolation of Enterococcus spp. and the overall
prevalence of Enterococcus spp. by cultural isolation was 55% (168/305). All the 168
presumptive Enterococcus isolates were confirmed as Enterococcus by targeting tuf gene
(genus specific) and out of those 168 isolates, 124 isolates ( 73.81 %, 124/168) were positive
for ddlE.faecalis gene (species specific gene for E.faecalis). None were found to be positive
for ddlE.faecium (species specific gene for E.faecium). All the 168 Enterococcus isolates
showed α haemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar, while 16.07% showed α hemolysis, 30.95%
showed β hemolysis and 63.69% showed γ haemolysis on 5% horse blood agar. Out of 168
Enterococcus isolates, 66.67% isolates were biofilm producers. The prevalence of
Enterococcus was found to be influenced by the type of samples, breed, sex, nutrient status of
farm, hygiene status of farm, seasonal variation was statistically significant for the occurrence
of bacteria. Enterococcus isolates showed high resistance toward Oxacillin and Mupirocin,
whereas all the isolates were susceptible to Penicillin G and Vancomycin. This study found a
high prevalence of multidrug resistance among Enterococci isolated from poultry, suggesting
that these resistant bacteria and genes may be transported from food to humans and pose a
significant risk to human health in the coming years. Study revealed that prevalence of gelE
gene was comparatively high (40.47%) followed by asa gene (19.02%), esp gene (14.88%)
and hyl gene (8.92%). None of the Enterococcus spp. isolates harbor cyl gene.
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