CHARACTERIZATION OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) GERMPLASM THROUGH MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR MARKERS
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Date
2009-07-10
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University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore
Abstract
Flowers and flowering plants have been a fascinating part of our life. Among
them chrysanthemums are the most interesting and oldest ornamental flower crops in the
world. In India, it is considered as traditional flower and used for religious offerings,
garden display and for making garlands. In the recent years it is preferred particularly due
to the wide range of shapes and size of flowers, brilliance of colour tones, long lasting
floret life and diversity in the gene pool.
Thus, an attempt was made to study genetic diversity in 42 selected
chrysanthemum genotypes employing morphological and molecular markers. Based on
morphological traits, it is revealed that the genotypes were not clearly grouped as
separate cluster by morphological dendrogram and PCA. This may be due to less number
of morphological traits considered for the study. In chrysanthemum, identification of the
phenotypes is still based on morphological characters. However, many of them cannot be
readily distinguished by morphological indices, particularly if they are closely related.
Further more, phenotype identification based on morphological traits is subject to
environmental variation.
The genetic diversity of chrysanthemum, as reveled by PCA and dendrogram
generated by RAPD markers, it was evident that genotypes were comparatively less
diverse (11 %). This could be partly attributed that the RAPD markers could not amplify
more number of loci per primer.
Using nine EcoRI and MseI adapter specific primer combinations generated the
AFLP fingerprint. The primer combination E- GAC/M-TAA and E- GTA/M- TCG gave
the best polymorphism for most of the genotypes. The dendrogram drawn for these 42
genotypes gave grouping of various genotypes. They were grouped into two major
clusters. Major cluster-I consisting of only the genotypes developed at IIHR, Bangalore
and major cluster-II includes the other genotypes collected from different parts of India.
The genetic distance values ranged from 17 to 114 suggesting a higher genetic variation
within the chrysanthemum genotypes. The highest dissimilarity per cent was observed
between the accessions ‘Fitonia’ and ‘Usha Kiran’ which were collected from distinct
sources. The PCA diagram also gave clear-cut grouping of 42 germplasm.
The present study clearly reflects the utility of AFLPs in fingerprinting and
estimation of genetic diversity within genotypes. From the studies it was found that
genetic variation among selected chrysanthemum genotypes was high. The genetic
distance information can be for marker-assisted selection (MAS) and for the
identification of diverse parents for use in hybridization programme.
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