HISTOLOGY, HISTOCHEMISTRY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF LINING EPITHELIA IN PIG (Sus scrofa domesticus)
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Date
2018-07
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KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR
Abstract
The present study was carried out in Department of Veterinary Anatomy,
Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bengaluru-24. Respiratory system of pig was broadly
classified into conducting and alveolar divisions. The conducting part included nostrils,
nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea and different divisions of bronchi upto
terminal bronchi.Conducting part was lined by typical respiratory mucosa consisting of
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium consisting of ciliated columnar cells, basal
cells sustentacular cells and goblet cells except larynx which was lined by stratified
squamous non keratinized epithelium. Typical transitional type of epithelium was found
lining the vocal folds. Specialized type of olfactory epithelium was found lining the
ethmoturbinates. The alveolar or respiratory part includes respiratory bronchiole, alveolar
duct, alveolar sac and alveoli. These portions were lined by cuboidal to low columnar
cells. Clara cells were found lining the bronchioles. Alveoli were lined predominantly by
pneumocytes I which were squamous type and few large cuboidal cells called
pneumocytes II. In addition to these alveolar macrophages were also found.Goblet cells
lining the respiratory tract and glands within the propria-submucosa were positive for
both acid and neutral mucopolysaccharides with variable percentage. No glands or
goblets were found in alveolar portion. SEM of conducting portion revealed the ciliated
cells, microvillous cells and goblet cells which were part of mucociliary apparatus
playing a major role in conditioning of inspired air. SEM of alveolar portion revealed
pneumocytes type I and II, macrophages and more importantly thicker connective tissue
component within the lung