Fertilizer Management In Late Sown Wheat
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Date
1997
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
Late seeding of wheat is a common and popular practice among the farming community of this region to cater the need of different cropping systems. Hence a field experiment was conducted during winter season of 1994-95 to Find out the fertilizer requirement of different degree of late planted wheat HD 2285 for high yield on sandy loam soil (silt 21.3%, clay 19.2%), low in available N (185 kg/ha) and medium in available P (10.9 kg/ha) and K (185.6 kg/ha) of Ranchi. The experiment was laid out in split plot design consisting of 4 seeding times, moderately late (1 December); late (16 December); very late (1 January) and extremely late (18 January) in main plot and 4 levels of fertilizer NPK, No0oKo. Naole. 7K16.e. NeoP17.5K24.0 and N120P28.2K33.2 kg/ha in sub-plot and replicated thrice.
Moderately late sown crop responded to N120P28.2K39.2 with maximum CGR (27.42 g/m²/day during 60-75 DAS), spike bearing tillers (492/m²), test weight (48.73 g), grain yield (48.33 g/ha) straw yield (70.56 g/ha), nitrogen (179.84 kg/ha) and phosphorus (17.28 kg/ha) removal, net energy output (116973 MJ/ha), net return (Rs.24,572/ha) and net benefit: cost ratio (Rs. 3.09 on each rupee investment). The crop planted late responded to NeoP 17.5K24.0 with maximum CGR (14.59 g/m²/day during 60-75 DAS). spike-bearing tillers (296/m²), test weight (43.18 g), grain yield (31.44 q/ha), straw yield (43.05 q/ha), nitrogen (120.5 kg/ha) and phosphorus (9.93 kg/ha) removal, net energy output (70614 MJ/ha), net return (Rs. 13941/ha) and net benefit:cost ratio (Rs. 1.97 on each rupee investment). Similarly very late and extremely late planted crops exhibited response only upto N40P8.7K18.8 with spike-bearing tillers (202 and 168/m²), test weight (33.98 and 28.34 g), grain yield (18.11 and 13.33 g/ha) and straw yield (24.51 and 16.78 q/ha) and net return of Rs. 5,891 and Rs. 2,653/ha respectively.
Crop duration was reduced by 6,15 and 24 days when sown under late, very late and extremely late condition, respectively, compared with the crop sown moderately late (115 days). The corresponding reduction in grain growth duration was 4,8, and 10 days respectively against moderately late wheat (36 days). However, heat-unit requirement was almost similar to attain anthesis (814 to 1365 degree day) irrespective of seeding time.
Based on the findings of present investigation it can be concluded that moderately late planted wheat requires 120 kg N. 26.2 kg P and 33.2 kg K/ha whereas late sown wheat requires 80 kg N, 17.5 kg P and 24.9 kg K/ha for high yield and profit. However, very late and extremely late wheat requires only 40 kg N, 8.7 kg P and 16.6 kg K/ha.