Management of Major Insect Pests of Indian Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) with Special Reference to Biorational Approach
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Date
2022
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Abstract
The investigation entitled ‘Management of major insect pests of Indian
gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica L.) with special reference to biorational approach.’
was conducted at Asalpur Farm, S. K. N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan)
during the year 2019 and 2020. The study on the succession and incidence of insect
pests revealed that the leaf roller, Caloptilia (=Gracillaria) acidula (Meyr.);shoot gall
maker, Hypolamprus (=Betousa) stylophora (Swinhoe); bark eating caterpillar,
Indarbela tetraonis Moore, I. quadrinotata (Walker) and fruit borer, Deudorix
(=Virachola) isocrates (Fab.) were recorded as major insect pests quantitatively at
different phenology of Indian gooseberry.The peak population (46.60 and 44.80/ 5
shoots) of leaf roller was recorded in the last week of September (39th SMW), 2019
and 2020. The leaf roller population had positive significant correlation (r=0.44, 0.39,
respectively during 2019 and 2020) with the minimum temperature.The maximum
shoot gall maker damage of 6.60-7.40 per cent was observed in last week of August
(35th SMW) to first week of September (36th SMW).The mean relative humidity had
significantly positive correlation (r=0.57, 0.65) during both the years of investigation.
The damage of bark eating caterpillar was observed at its peak (4.0-5.0/ 5 plants in
2019 and 2020) in first week of September. The bark eating caterpillar had
significantly positive correlation (r=0.54, 0.61) during both the years with the mean
relative humidity. The peak infestation of fruit borer was recorded to be 16.00 and
15.00 per cent in 2019 and 2020, respectively in the 38th SMW (3rd week of
September).
The natural enemies (parasites and predators) associated with the insect
pests on Indian gooseberry were Trichogramma chilonis Ishii; Tetrastichus sp.; green
lacewing, Chrysoperala zastrowi arabica (Henry et al.); preying mantid, Mantis
religiosa (L.); ladybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fab.); yellow wasp, Polistes
hebraeus (F.); assassin bug, Harpactor costalis (Stal); spider and black ant,
Camponotus compressus (Fab.) but meagre in numbers. The incubation period of eggs of shoot gall maker, H. stylophora was
observed to be 5-7 days at ambient temperature, longevity of the caterpillar 21-27
days, pupal duration 9-12 days and adult longevity 6-10 days (female) and 6-9 days
(male).
Out of nine varieties of Indian gooseberry screened, NA-10, Kanchan,
Gujarat-2, NA-20, Chakaiya, Gujarat-1 and Local were moderately susceptible to leaf
roller; Chakaiya and Kanchan were least susceptible to shoot gall maker; Chakaiya
was least susceptible to bark eating caterpillar and Chakaiya and Kanchan were
categorized as least susceptible to fruit borer. The correlation (r) of all four major
insect pests infestation was negatively significant with fruit yield. The TSS (%) of fruit
had positive significant correlation with fruit borer infestation. The phenol had
negative significant correlation, whereas, sugar had positive significant correlation
with four major insect pests.
Out of twelve treatments of newer insecticides and biopesticides, the
minimum population of leaf roller was found in diafenthiuron, chlorantraniliprole,
chlorfenapyr, standard check (quinalphos/ malathion) and pyriproxyfen treated plants
which were found at par. The minimum shoot gall maker infestation was recorded on
the plants treated with standard check (quinalphos/ malathion), spinosad and
chlorantraniliprole which were statistically at par among each other. The minimum
bark eating caterpillar infestation was evident in the spinosad and emamectin
benzoate which differed non significantly with each other. The minimum fruit borer
infestation was recorded in the plants treated with spinosad, emamectin benzoate,
standard check (quinalphos/ malathion) and chlorfenapyr which were statistically at
par among each other.
The maximum fruit yield was observed in the diafenthiuron 50 WP,
chlofenapyr 10 SC, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, pyriproxyfen 10.8 EC, spinosad 45
SC, standard check (quinalphos 25 EC/ malathion 50 EC) and emamectin benzoate 5
SG viz., 169.75-177.95 q/ ha which were found at par among each other and
significant over other treatments. The maximum benefit cost ratio was exhibited in
spinosad 45 SC (24.56) followed by pyriproxyfen 10.8 EC (21.94), emamectin
benzoate 5 SG (16.59) and standard check (quinalphos 25 EC/ malathion 50 EC)