SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN SMALL RUMINANTS AND PIGS IN AND AROUND RANCHI
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Date
2012
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Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular apicomplexan protozoan
parasite, is prevalent worldwide. All the stages of lifecycle of T. gondii,
viz. tachyzoites, bradyzoites and sporulated oocysts are potentially
infective. Information on prevalence of toxoplasmosis in animals and
man is scanty from India. Since there is no information available on
the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among the economically important
farm animals from the Jharkhand state, the present study was
undertaken with the objective of studying the seroprevalence of T.
gondii in small ruminants and pigs. In order to accomplish the
objective, ELISA was laboratory standardized using standard reagents.
A native protein based antigen was prepared from the purified
tachyzoites of T. gondii, whole tachyzoite lysate antigen (WTLA) and
was used in the indirect ELISA for screening the Toxoplasma-specific
IgG molecules present in the sera. The serodetection potential of the
native WTLA based ELISA was further compared with a recombinant
surface antigen 1(SAG1) protein based ELISA. The serum samples
were collected randomly from the target animals maintained either as
free range management system in rural house holds as well as from
the organized Government farms of Ranchi and Chatra districts of
Jharkhand state. While collecting the samples, the age, sex and breed
of the animals were recorded for drawing correlations with the
prevalence of toxoplasmosis, if existing.
A total number of 240 pig serum samples were collected from
organized farm and slaughter house. The recombinant surface
antigen1 based ELISA was superior in detection of the T. gondii
specific IgG antibodies in 44.58 % of the serum samples tested over
the crude whole tachyzoite lysate antigen (WTLA) which could detect
the same in 40% of the samples. The prevalence of the disease was
found more in the samples collected from slaughter houses i.e.,
53.75% and 23.75% than that of farm i.e., 26.25% and 48.12% by
rSAG1 and WTLA based ELISA, respectively.
Sera samples were collected from Muzaffarnagari, Shahabadi
and Chotangpuri breeds of sheep from Chatra and Ranchi districts of
Jharkhand. The rSAG1 showed diagnostic superiority over the native
WTLA. Out of 444 samples analyzed, 188 samples (42.34%) were
found positive by rSAG1 ELISA, whereas 131 samples (29.5%) were
positive with whole tachyzoites lysate ELISA.
The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was studied in the Beetal
and Black Bengal breeds of goats reared in the organized farm of RVC,
Ranchi and Chatra as well as from the village conditions of Chatra
and Ranchi districts of Uttarakhand. A total number of 445 serum
samples were collected of which 120 samples were collected from
Chatra farm maintaining Beetal breed of goats and 65 samples were
collected from Instructional farm of small ruminants, Ranchi
maintaining Black Bengal breed of goats. Rest 260 samples were
collected from Black Bengal goats reared at village conditions. The
rSAG1 ELISA was superior in detection the toxoplasma specific IgG
molecules and could detect 42.47% of the total serum samples as
positive, whereas whole tachyzoites lysate ELISA could detect 29.44%
of the samples as positive.
The Toxoplasma gondii specific polypeptides were resolved in the
molecular range of 73.0 to 11 KDa in a 6-15% gradient SDS-PAGE
under denaturing condition. The major polypeptides detected were in
the molecular range of 73, 64, 55, 49, 40, 38, 37, 30, 25, 14 and 11
KDa. To identify immunodominant protein in whole tachyzoite antigen
lysate of T. gondii western blotting was performed. The proteins in the
molecular range of 73, 64, 49, 40, 37, 30 and 25 KDa showed
immunoreactivity against goat serum collected from field, whereas 55,
49, 37, 25 KDa band shown a good immunoreactivity against sheep
serum collected from field.
The ELISA based detection method applied in the present study
involving pig, sheep and goat population reared either as free range
husbandry system or in organized farms generated important data on
seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis at Jharkhand region. A high
seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among several food animals warrants
for adoption of control measures to prevent transmission to
susceptible humans.
Description
SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN SMALL RUMINANTS AND PIGS IN AND AROUND RANCHI
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