STUDIES ON EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE EXTRA CELLULAR MATRIX OF CHICKEN (Gallus gallus domesticus)
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Date
2022
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KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR
Abstract
The morphological, biochemical and biocompatibility studies of fresh and
extracellular matrix (ECM) of skeletal muscle in commercial and native chickens and
their potential biomedical applications were undertaken in the present work. We
extracted an ECM from commercial and native chickens and compared the improved
extraction of ECM using chemical and physical decellularization approaches. The
Triton X-100 detergent was shown to be successful in removing most cell nuclei and
residual DNA while maintaining tissue structure and most fibrillar (collagen) and
non-fibrillar (glycosaminoglycan) extracellular matrix components, according to our
findings in the present study. Histological and biochemical analysis revealed that
collagen fibers were maintained after decellularization with prior freeze thaw cycles
and Triton X-100. Physical appearance of the ECM was milky white after
decellularization when compared to pink fresh skeletal muscle tissues. After effective
decellularization, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated micropore formation
while retaining the collagen fibrils intact which in turn revealed the better
biocompatibility and wound healing process in volumetric muscle loss (VML) rat
model. Furthermore, the biocompatibility studies using zebrafish embryos revealed
safety with no toxicity of residual detergent in the ECM and bio-integration in the
wound healing activity with neovascularization, angiogenesis and myogenesis at the
wound bed of experimental rats. In conclusion, it is inferred that native chicken
decellularized extracellular matrix is superior to commercial chicken and has potential
to be used as biological scaffold in tissue engineering and biomedical applications in
future.
Key words: Skeletal muscle, extracellular matrix (ECM), chicken, biological scaffold