EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.) GENOTYPES FOR YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS UNDER LIMITED WATER CONDITION
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Date
2023
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
The present research work was conducted on 28 genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) including checks during rabi season, 2021-2022 at research farm of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand to evaluate the performance of the genotypes under normal condition and rainout shelter through morphological, biochemical and physiological traits. The genotypes were sown in randomized block design with three replications in normal field condition and under rainout shelter. Analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences for all the characters in both natural condition and rainout shelter suggesting high degree of variability among the genotypes grown. High GCV was recorded for Proline content and Specific leaf weight under normal condition whereas under rainout shelter high GCV was recorded for number of pods per plant, Proline content, Chlorophyll content, Protein content, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight. High PCV was recorded for wilt percent, proline content and specific leaf weight under normal condition and under rainout shelter high PCV was recorded for number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, yield per plot, wilt per cent, proline content chlorophyll content, protein content, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight. High heritability in broad sense was recorded for hundred seed weight, proline content, chlorophyll content, protein content, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight whereas under rainout shelter high heritability in broad sense was recorded for days to fifty per cent flowering, days to maturity, number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight, proline content, chlorophyll content, protein content, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight. High genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for plant height, hundred seed weight, wilt per cent, proline content, protein content, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight under natural condition whereas under rainout shelter high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for number of primary branches, number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight, yield per plot, proline content, chlorophyll content, protein content, specific leaf area, relative water content and specific leaf weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for hundred seed weight, proline content, protein content, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight under normal condition where as under rainout shelter it was found for number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight, proline content, chlorophyll content, protein content, specific leaf area, relative water content and specific leaf weight which suggested that selection of these traits may be effective as heritability is most likely due to
additive gene effects. Positive and highly significant correlation of yield per plant at genotypic level was recorded with number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, plant stand at the time of harvesting and same was recorded under rainout shelter along with proline content and relative water content. At phenotypic level positive and highly significant correlation of yield per plant was recorded for number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of pods per plant and positive and significant correlation was observed for plant stand at the time of harvesting and hundred seed weight. Similar results were observed under rainout shelter along with positive and significant correlation with proline content and relative water content. The findings from path analysis under this study revealed that at phenotypic level positive direct effect of the characters initial plant stand, days to fifty per cent flowering, plant height, number of secondary branches, hundred seed weight, wilt percent, proline content, protein content, specific leaf area, relative water content and specific leaf weight. Highest direct effect on yield per plant was seen by initial plant stand followed by proline content at genotypic level and phenotypic level suggesting that one should focus on selecting genotypes with these traits to improve chickpea yield under water stress conditions. This indicates that under limited water condition characters like proline content and relative water content should be taken into consideration and breeders should focus on selecting genotypes with these traits to improve chickpea yield under water stress conditions.
Among the twenty-eight genotypes grown under both natural condition, the genotype whose performance was found desirable was BAUG- 137, BAUG- 148, BAUG- 146 and BAUG- 147.Under rainout shelter BAUG- 158, BAUG- 155 and BAUG-145 showed desirable performance. These genotypes also had substantial drought tolerance efficiency to cope in water stress condition.