SSR markers based genetic diversity studies in Valeriana jatamansi Jones.
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Date
2021-10-28
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Palampur
Abstract
Valeriana jatamansi Jones. is a perennial, tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32), gynodioecious
herb from family Valerianaceae. It is native to the Himalayan region, distributed from
an altitude range of 1,000 to 3,000 m asl (above sea level) and in India, it is mainly
distributed in the northern and north-eastern states. Due to great economic importance
for its unique medicinal, flavour and aromatic properties the species have been
subjected to great habitat degradation and fragmentation by the illegal trade.
Additionally, plant also lacks any molecular genetics efforts mainly because of the
non-availability of genome-wide molecular marker resources. In this study, a total of
9,988 SSR containing sequences were derived with maximum abundance of direpeats (~48%) followed by tri-repeats (~32%). Furthermore, synthesis and validation
of 103 functionally SSR markers identified 51 polymorphic markers. Extrapolation of
highly informative 10 SSR markers for genotyping 100 individuals representing ten
diverse geographical populations suggests wide utilization of these markers in large
scale fingerprinting studies of V. jatamansi germplasm. Neighbor- joining based
hierarchical clustering and Bayesian structure clustering analysis corresponded each
other and grouped 100 genotypes into two major clusters suggesting that there are two
major genetic pools operating in Himachal Pradesh. Further, AMOVA analysis
suggests maximum diversity exists within population (75%). Moderate genetic
differentiation (Fst = 0.14) with significant gene flow (Nm = 1.79) may be attributed
to natural bottlenecks and various anthropogenic activities in the region.
Microsatellite markers identified in this study can be categorized as “Informative
Markers” which can be further used for genotyping, genome mapping, evolutionary
studies and implementation conservation plans for sustainable utilization of V.
jatamansi.