DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF INACTIVATED Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis VACCINE IN SHEEP
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Date
2018-07
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KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate autogenous inactivated MAP
vaccine of sheep origin with inactivated MAP S5 vaccine of goat origin in Mandya breed
of sheep. The clinical symptoms attributable to JD were not observed in any of the
vaccinated animals, whereas unvaccinated animals showed progressive loss of body
weight, emaciation, weakness, pasty diarrhoea and rough hair coat after 90 days post
vaccination (DPV). In Lymphocyte transformation test, PBMCs from the vaccinated
animals had higher stimulative index. In serum nitric oxide assay, more of serum nitric
oxide was observed in vaccinated animals. In serum IFN γ assay, vaccinated animals had
significantly higher level of IFN γ. All three groups of animals showed peak levels at 90
DPV and maintained up to 180 DPV. Indirect ELISA results revealed that vaccinated
animals had significantly higher antibody levels. Both the vaccines successfully inhibited
localization of MAP in the intestine and in turn faecal shedding of MAP was significantly
low in vaccinated animals up to 300 days. The shedding of MAP increased steadily after
90 days post challenge in control animals. Vaccinated animals remained healthy and
gained significantly higher body weights compared to control. Gross and microscopic
lesions were not observed in vaccinated animals, control animals showed thickening and
corrugation of small intestine and enlarged lymph nodes, infiltration of mononuclear and
epitheloid cells in intestine and lymph nodes. None of the vaccinated animals were
positive for AFB. Further 33.33 per cent unvaccinated challenged animals were positive
for AFB. Whereas, 16.66 per cent vaccinated and 50 per cent unvaccinated animals were
positive for MAP antigen by immunohistochemistry. The CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in
lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry revealed high concentration of CD8+ cells in
vaccinated animals. There was no significant difference in expression of CD4+ T cells.
Both inactivated MAP vaccines had elicited cellular and humoral immune responses and
effectively inhibited the localization of MAP.