STUDIES ON MOLECULAR DETECTION AND RISK FACTORS FOR MYCOBACTERIUM SPP., BRUCELLA SPP. AND COXIELLA BURNETII INFECTION IN SMALL RUMINANTS AND IN-CONTACT HUMANS IN CHHATTISGARH
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Date
2024
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Abstract
The present study was undertaken to explore the zoonotic infections due to
Mycobacteria spp., Brucella spp., and Coxiella burnetii. The research aimed to
unravel the transmission dynamics of these pathogens between small ruminants
and in-contact humans, employing molecular detection methods such as Multiplex
PCR for Mycobacteria bovis detection, PCR for Brucella genus identification,
AMOS PCR for Brucella species identification, and real-time PCR for Coxiella
burnetii detection. The study utilized specific genetic markers, including RD4 and
RD1, B4 and B5, AMOS with one reverse primer, and Com1 primer for
Mycobacteria spp., Brucella spp., and Coxiella burnetii detection, respectively.
Risk factor analysis was conducted using a questionnaire method and SPSS
software for univariable and multivariable logistic regression.
The study unveiled a 0.75% prevalence of Mycobacteria bovis in small ruminants,
with a corresponding herd-level prevalence of 2.6%. Notably, individual animallevel
risk factors, encompassing species, age, and sample type, failed to
demonstrate statistical significance. Conversely, herd-level risk factors,
specifically the number of small ruminants (OR = 1.158, p = 0.003) and the
introduction of new animals (OR = 1.090, p = 0.034), were found to be
significant. Multivariable logistic regression further revealed that a larger flock
size (OR= 1.15, p= 0.004) was significantly associated, emphasizing the complex
nature of zoonotic tuberculosis transmission and underscoring the imperative for
continuous research to facilitate effective control measures.
For Brucella spp., the study disclosed 2.26% prevalence of Brucella
melitensis in small ruminants, with variations in species, gender, age, and flock
size. Among the 131 small ruminant flocks, 14 flocks were found positive