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Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya, Durg
The College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Durg was established on 8th September, 1985 under the Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. After the formation of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur in January 20, 1987, it is included as one of the constituent colleges. This college becomes the only Veterinary College of the state when the present State of Chhattisgarh was carved out of Madhya Pradesh in the year 2000. This was followed by the announcement of the establishment of Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya (CGKV) by His Excellency the Governor of Chhattisgarh State dated 11th April, 2012. The livestock sector of the State of Chhattisgarh intends to build a dynamic livestock economy leading to improved employment, increased economy, food security and food self-sufficiency for its people. The Veterinary College under the umbrella of CGKV, is an autonomous, non-profit making educational and research organization dedicated for the upliftment of farmer’s livelihood in Chhattisgarh. Education, research and extension are the major activities of the college through grant in-aid received from State Government, Govt. of India, ICAR and other national and international agencies to fullfill need-based mandates and objectives which are :
To impart modern education in Veterinary & Animal Sciences.
To promote and strengthen research programmes in Veterinary and Animal Sciences for safeguarding the animal health and improve livestock productivity.
To undertake effective transfer of technology to pass on the benefits of research to the line departments , farmers and entrepreneurs for adoption through extension education.
The college has highly competent and experienced faculty members who have made significant contributions in research on animal health and production and various accolades of merit. The college has implemented minimum Standards of Veterinary Education Degree Course (B.V.Sc. & A.H.) Regulations, 1993 of Veterinary Council of India and accordingly, external examination system is in vogue for B.V.Sc. & A.H. 5-year programme. The college is recognized by the Veterinary Council of India and has obtained accreditation from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHICKEN MEAT SAUSAGE EXTENDED WITH FINGER MILLET(Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg, 2024) PRIYAL TIWARI; Dr. Subhash Kumar VermaThe present study was envisaged to develop finger millet incorporated chicken meat sausages and to explore the effect of finger millet flour on the shelf life of chicken meat sausage The chicken meat sausage was developed by using finger millet flour at three different levels (T1-6%, T2-10% and T3-14%). The variant T2 was received significantly (P<0.05) highest in appearance/colour and flavour score, and overall palatability attributes and further selected for physico-chemical, proximate and storage and microbial analysis. pH was increased non-significantly with incorporation of finger millet flour and cooking yield was found significant increase with incorporation of finger millet flour. Moisture and fat content in treatment was significantly lower than control in finger millet flour incorporated chicken sausage, while protein and fibre content in finger millet flour incorporated chicken meat sausage were found significantly higher than control chicken sausage. Total ash content in finger millet flour incorporated chicken meat sausage were found non- significantly higher than control chicken sausage. Storage studies in refrigerated temperature for 28 days found that TBA and TPC values increased significantly (P < 0.05) but within limit range of microbes in both control and treatment. Results of sensory evaluation studies during storage also revealed decrease in sensory scores throughout the storage period. 10 % finger millets Flour was rated higher for flavour, texture, and overall palatability throughout the storage period. It was concluded that functional chicken sausage could be developed by replacing the chicken meat in standardized formulation at the level of 10 % finger millet flour and developed product was acceptable for 28th days on the basis of physiochemical, microbiological and sensory qualities during refrigerated storage (4±1℃). Keywords: Chicken meat sausage, Finger millet flour, Sensory attributes, Proximate composition, Storage stability.ThesisItem Open Access GROSS, LIGHT MICROSCOPIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF MAMMARY GLAND IN KOSALI COW(DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY ANATOMY, Chhattisgarh Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg, 2024) SHIVESH KUMAR DESHMUKH; Dr. S. P. IngoleThe present study was conducted on 36 samples of mammary gland of Kosali cows procured from central plain region of the Chhattisgarh and divided into two groups - lactating and non-lactating/ non-pregnant stages with 18 cows in each group. Lactating and non-lactating/ non-pregnant stages were further categorized as early, mid and late groups, each with 6 animals. After recording gross parameters, the tissue samples were processed for histological, histochemical and ultrastructural studies. Grossly, the udder of lactating Kosali cow was large and bowl shaped, whereas it was small and round in non-lactating/ non-pregnant Kosali cows. Teat of Kosali cow was cylindrical or conical shaped in lactating and funnel or pear shaped in non-lactating/ non-pregnant Kosali cow. The rear quarter teats were shorter and thicker than the front teats in lactating as well as non-lactating/ nonpregnant cows. Distance between front teats was higher as compared to rear teats in both the groups. Histologically, the mammary gland was ensheathed by the skin and capsule from outside to in. Glomus organs were observed in the reticular layer of dermis of the skin in both stages of cows. The amount of interalveolar, interlobular and interlobar connective tissue increased in mid and late lactation to dry stage and was maximum in late nonlactating/ nonpregnant cows. Varied ii shaped lobules containing alveoli of different shape and adipose tissue were found. The percentage of small alveoli showed increasing trend, while medium and large alveoli decreased from lactating to non-lactating stage. The alveolar epithelium changed from high cuboidal in early lactation to squamous in late nonlactating stage. The duct system was lined by low cuboidal with patches of bistratified cuboidal in lactating and low cuboidal to squamous in nonlactating cows. “Corpora amylacea” were intra alveolar in lactating stage and were found, mostly in stromal connective tissue non-lactating cows. Myoepithelial cells were more in non-lactating Kosali cows. Epithelium of gland cistern was high cuboidal in lactating and low cuboidal in non-lactating stage. The degenerating rudimentary lobules were ten to twenty times smaller in non-lactating stage. In annular fold region, the epithelium was high cuboidal in lactating and low cuboidal in non-lactating cows. In lactating stage, the glandular lobules were approximately three time larger in size than non-lactating stage. The lining epithelium of teat cistern was mostly cuboidal with patches of bistratified cuboidal and columnar in lactating and non-lactating Kosali cows. Mucosa showed mostly circular folds in lactating and longitudinal folds in nonlactating stage. The stratum corneum of the epidermis was apparently two times thicker in lactating than non-lactating stage. Mucosal folds of Furstenberg’s rosette were primary as well as secondary. In both stages, Furstenberg’s rosette was lined by cuboidal, bistratified cuboidal and stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. Furstenberg’s rosette associated lymphoid tissue (FALT) were present in diffuse and dense form as lymphoid follicles. The teat iii canal was lined by a stratified squamous epithelium in initial part, distally keratinization was increased. All the gross and histomorphometrical parameters except thickness of capsule of different regions of mammary gland were significantly higher in early lactation as compared to mid and late, in lactating Kosali cows and were significantly higher in early dry period as compared to mid and late, in nonlactating Kosali cows. Further, they were significantly higher in lactating as compared to non-lactating cows in early, mid and late stages. The percentage decrease in the above parameters between mid and late stages was higher (60%) as compared to early and mid stages (40%) in lactating as well as non-lactating Kosali cow. Average diameters were increased orderly from mammary alveoli to intralobular duct, interlobular duct, and lactiferous duct. Average diameters of teat canal were higher at orifice than midpart and near the rosette of Furstenberg. Histochemically, collagen was the most abundant fiber followed by reticular and elastic. Their density was apparently increased with advancement of lactation from early to late stage. These fibers were more compact and denser in non-lactating/ non-pregnant Kosali cows. In the capsule and connective tissue stroma, PAS positive reaction was intense in lactating Kosali cows and moderate reaction in non-lactating/non-pregnant cows. Moderate to intense reaction for PAS positive material was noticed in epithelium, intraluminal secretions, basement membranes and smooth muscles of alveoli and duct system in lactating group, whereas weak reaction was found in non-lactating Kosali cows. Epithelium of alveoli, and duct system of lactating cows showed mild to moderate reaction and basement membrane and secretory material showed strong reaction for acid iv mucopolysaccharides in lactating mammary gland. In non-lactating gland, it was mild. Corpora amylacea was moderately PAS positive in non-lactating and intensely positive in lactating Kosali cows. Epithelium of gland cistern and annular folds, teat cistern, rosette of Furstenberg and teat canal were positive for PAS and AB-PAS reactive substances in both the groups but reaction was weak in non-lactating group. Ultra-structurally, three types of cells were seen in mammary alveoli viz. alveolar epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells and wandering cells. The glandular epithelial cells of lactating Kosali cows were active and polar in nature in lactating stage and became inactive and apolar in non-lactating stage. The amount of euchromatin was decreased and simultaneously heterochromatin increased in proportion with progression in lactation. The cytoplasmic nuclear ratio in alveolar epithelial cells was more in early lactation than in advance lactation. The alveolar epithelial cells of early and mid lactating Kosali cows were densely packed with well-developed cytoplasmic organelles, which were reduced almost thrice in late lactating stage. The luminal border of lactating epithelial cells showed numerous irregular microvilli projecting in the lumen. Three types of stasis vesicles viz. intermediate electron dense/ electron dense/ electron dense with granular protein were noted in the apical portion of cells in the late lactating stage. The alveolar epithelial cells contained two distinct types of secretory material viz. lipid droplets and casein micelle. In early and mid lactating stage casein particle and lipid droplets were almost equal, whereas in late lactation, casein droplet predominated over lipid droplet. The alveolar lumen was either empty or filled with little secretory material in non-lactating/ nonpregnant Kosali cows. v During lactation, the tight junctions of the alveolar epithelial cells were intact and impermeable. The same were loose and leaky during late lactation in non-lactating/ non-pregnant Kosali cows. The corpora amylacea were noted in the alveolar lumen of lactating and nonlactating stage. Dense lamellated corpora amylacea had alternate thin electron dense and thick intermediate electron dense granules arranged in circular fashion. The myoepithelial cells were irregular flattened, elongated to fusiform in shape. In non-lactating/ non-pregnant Kosali cows, the cytoplasmic processes of myoepithelial cells protruded deeper into the underlying stroma. The lymphocyte and macrophages were more prevalent in lactating cows. In nonlactating/ nonpregnant Kosali cows, many macrophages and lymphocytes were observed. Monocytes were also observed at some places.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON AIRBORNE DISSEMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT GENES THROUGH ESCHERICHIA COLI IN POULTRY FARMS(Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg, 2024-02) NADIPILLI SRILAKSHMI; Shakya, Dr. SanjayAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 global public health threats, resulting in the progressive loss of antimicrobials efficacy making infections harder to treat thereby increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death. Antibiotics are widely used in the poultry sector for therapeutic purposes, prophylaxis, metaphylaxis and as growth promoters is which makes commensal bacteria such as E. coli to develop resistance against those drugs, the emergence and spread of AMR are closely related to this. Antibiotic resistant E. coli which is an important reservoir of ARGs often released into environment through feces and further air borne spread may occur leading to wider distribution of AMR. The present study was undertaken to investigate the airborne dissemination of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) through E. coli, in poultry farms. A total of 120 samples (90 air, 15 poultry feces and 15 dust samples) were collected from 5 poultry farms in and around Durg district in Chhattisgarh and analyzed for the isolation and identification of E. coli by conventional cultural techniques and further confirmed by biochemical tests and molecular techniques. All E. coli isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test against 12 antibiotics to know their antibiogram pattern. Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamae (ESBL) genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM) and other resistance genes (tetA, tetB, gyrA and parC) among E. coli isolates were also determined. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) was done to assess the source of airborne spread. A total of 55 (45.83%) samples were found positive for E. coli among 120 samples analyzed. A total of 109 E. coli isolates were recovered, which include 53, 30 and 15 isolates from air (27), feces (15) and dust (13) samples, respectively. All isolates were genotypically confirmed by PCR – based molecular method by targeting 16S rRNA gene. E. coli isolates recovered from all samples showed maximum resistance against cephalexin (95.41%) and oxytetracycline (87.15%). MAR index for all E. coli isolates varied between 0.08 to 0.91. Among total 96 MDR E. coli isolates, 76 (79.17%) were phenotypically positive for ESBL production and 74 (77.08%), 13 (13.54%) and 3 (3.15%) isolates harboured blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes, respectively. Out of 46 E. coli isolates recovered from air, 34 (73.91%), 3 (6.52%) and 1(2.17%) isolate harboured blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes, respectively. Among total 95 tetracycline resistant E. coli isolates, 93 (97.89%) and 2 (2.11%) isolates harboured tetA and tetB genes, respectively. Out of 45 tetracycline resistant E. coli isolates recovered from air, 45 (100%) and 2 (4.44%) harboured tetA and tetB genes respectively. Among total 76 fluoroquinolone resistant isolates, 72 (94.73%) and 73 (96.05%) isolates harboured gyrA and parC genes, respectively. Out of 39 fluoroquinolone resistant E. coli isolates recovered from air, 38 (97.43%) harboured both gyrA and parC genes. ERIC-PCR analysis revealed similarity in the range of 25-80% among air, fecal and dust isolates indicating presence of genomically diverse population of E. coli in farms under study. Extensive use of antibiotics for disease prevention and growth promotion apart from therapeutic uses may be attributed to the higher prevalence of ARGs. Close surveillance and monitoring of use of antibiotics in poultry production should be done to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF GILOY POWDER (Tinospora cordifolia) ONTHE PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKEN(Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg, 2024-02) BALCHHATRE SUSHANT SABHAKAR; RAMTEKE DR. RAMCHANDRAThe study was planned to assess the effect of dietary supplementation of giloy powder on growth performance, nutrient utilization, blood biochemistry, antioxidant properties, histo-morphological changes, carcass characteristics, organoleptic properties, and cost economics in broiler chicken. A total of 150 day-old chicks were randomly selected and divided into five groups following a completely randomized design with 3 replicates per group and each replicate comprising 10 chicks. Standard management and feeding practices were followed during the trial. The trial was conducted for 35 days in a deep litter system. Corn-soya meal (CS) based basal diets were formulated for pre-starter (0-14 days), starter (15-21), and finisher (22-35days) as per ICAR, (2013) specifications. The various groups viz. T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 were given basal diet as per ICAR (2013), a basal diet supplemented with bacitracin @150 mg per kg feed, basal diet with 0.5 % giloy powder, basal diet with 1 % giloy powder and basal diet with 1.5 % giloy powder, respectively. The supplementation of 0.5 % giloy powder in broiler chicken revealed significantly higher body weight. Significantly similar FCR, metabolizability of dry matter and crude protein, and nutrient retention (Ca, N, and P) % were observed in all the treatment groups. Total cholesterol, ALT, and creatine were significantly lower in all the treatment groups. Nonsignificant blood glucose, albumin, globulin, albumin and globulin ratio, and reduced glutathione were observed among the different groups. Histo-morphology of Jejunum (Villus length and V/C ratio) was significantly increased with the 0.5% giloy-supplemented group (T3). All the organoleptic properties viz appearance, flavor, juiciness, texture, and overall palatability were nonsignificant. Carcass traits (thigh, breast, wing, neck & giblet, gizzard) with 0.5% giloy-supplemented group were significantly similar to antibiotics supplemented groups. Dressing % and live weight did not differ significantly. The net profit (Rs) per kg of live weight was highest in the T2 group (Rs. 15.77) followed by the T3 group (13.68). Thus, 0.5% giloy powder supplementation in the diet of broiler chicken could be more economical in terms of enhancing growth performance and antioxidant properties.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF DRIED BAEL (Aegle marmelos) FRUIT POWDER ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS(Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg, 2024-02-02) TATI, PRATIBHA; DONERIA, DR. RAINAThe study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of dried Bael fruit powder on growth performance, nutrient utilisation of broiler chicken, blood biochemical parameters, oxidative stress indices, sensory evaluation and histomorphological change in jejunum and liver of broiler chicken. In the present experiment, a total of 150-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups. The diets were formulated according to the nutrient specification of broiler diet (ICAR, 2013) using maize, soy DOC, rice bran oil, LSP, DCP, vitamin and mineral premixes. There were 5 dietary groups T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. T1 was basal diet without AGP as negative control, T2 contained basal diet supplemented with Bacitracin @150mg/kg diet and diet of T3 to T5 group contained basal diet along with graded level of DBFP @ 1%, 1.5% and 2% respectively. Proximate analysis of bael fruit powder revealed 4.09% Crude protein 5.23 % , Crude fiber 1.36 %, Ether extract 0.01% Calcium and 0.09% phosphorus. For analysis of results obtained data were analysed by ANOVA using completely randomized design. The results revealed significantly increased overall body weight, weekly cumulative weekly weight gain and overall feed convertion ratio of birds supplemented with higher level of DBFP (2%) in group T5 as compared to NC (T1). The supplementation of DBFP and AGP had significantly increased the DM metabolizability, CP metabolizability and N retention in the supplemented groups (T2, T3,T4 and T5) as compared to T1. However, the ether metabolizability, Ca and P retention did not differ significantly amongst the groups. Similarlythe carcass traits and cut up yields did not differ significantly amongst the groups. The present experiment also revealed significantly decreased serum cholesterol, blood glucose ,creatinine and ALT activity with an increase in DBFP supplementation @ 1.5-2% in T4 and T5 as compared to T1. The data of total protein , albumin, globulin concentration revealed non significant difference between the groups(T1-T5). The dietary supplementation of dried bael fruit powder at 2% level significantly decreased the MDA concentration in birds of T5 as compared to T1 and T2, however no significant difference was observed between T5,T4 and T3. Similarly the reduced glutathione activity significantly increased in group T5 and T4 as compared to T1,T2 and T3, however no significant difference was observed between T4 and T5. The histological section of jejunum showed significantly improved villus height and VH:CD ratio in T4 and T5 supplemented with 1.5 and 2% dried bael powder respectively. No significant difference was observed on the overall palatability of meat due to dietary supplementation of varying level of DBFP. The supplementation of dried bael fruit powder @ 2% level(T5) increased net profit per kg live wt was 22.38 as compared to Rs 29.40 in AGP supplemented (T2) group and Rs 6.05 in NC(T1). Thus present study concluded that dried bael fruit powder @ 2 % can be effectively used as safe and natural growth promoter in broiler chickens.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF FERMENTED POTATO PROTEIN ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS(Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg, 2024-06-24) SONI, OM PRAKASH; Gendley, Dr. M.K.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON AIRBORNE DISSEMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT GENES THROUGH ESCHERICHIA COLI IN DAIRY FARMS(Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg, 2024-02-09) BARIK ARCHANA; Dr. Anil PatiyalAntibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a paramount global concern. Livestock farms, particularly dairy facilities, are significant contributors to the dissemination of ARGs into the environment due to extensive antibiotic use in animal husbandry. Ubiquitous presence of E. coli in dairy farm air suggests that it can serve as a vector for transmitting ARGs to the external environment. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of ARGs in E. coli isolates collected from various sources within dairy farms, with a focus on airborne transmission. A total of 120 samples, comprising of air (n=90), fecal (n=15) and milk samples (n=15) were collected from 5 dairy farms located in and around Durg district of Chhattisgarh and processed for the isolation and identification of E. coli using conventional cultural techniques, which were further confirmed by biochemical tests and molecular techniques. All E. coli isolates were also tested for their antibiotic susceptibility pattern against 10 antibiotics. Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM) and other resistance genes (tetA, tetB, gyrA and parC) among E. coli isolates was also determined. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) was also performed to determine genetic similarity among the isolates recovered from different samples. A total of 121 isolates comprising air (66), fecal (27), milk (28) were recovered. All isolates were genotypically confirmed by PCR-based molecular method by targeting 16S rRNA gene. In all E. coli isolates maximum resistance was observed against Cephalexin (97.52%), Cifixime (88.42%) and Cefotaxime (86.77%). Highest Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) of 1 was observed for 1 isolate and MAR index for all isolates varied between 0.2 to 1. On screening 67 multi drug resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates for ESBL production by phenotypic method 47 (70.14%) isolates were identified as presumptive ESBL producers and 23 (34.32%), 25 (37.31%), and 1 (1.49%) isolates displayed expression of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV gene, respectively. Among 15 phenotypically tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, 12 (80%) isolates harboured the tetA gene and 6 (40%) isolates harboured the tetB genes. Among 56 phenotypically fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates, all 56 isolates (100%) were confirmed to carry the gyrA and parC genes. The ERIC PCR dendrogram analysis of air, fecal, and milk isolates revealed a range of similarity between 25% to 78%, indicating a genomic diversity within the dairy farm environment. This study highlighted the need of comprehensive strategies to address antibiotic use in animal husbandry practices and to mitigate the transmission of ARGs through airborne pathways, particularly via E. coli in dairy farm environments.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON VARIATION IN MILK PRODUCTION AND IT’S CONSTITUENTS DURING DIFFERENT SEASON, STAGE OF LACTATION AND PARITY IN GIR COWS(Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg, 2017-03-03) Dora, Suryam; Dr. S.K. ChourasiaThe present study was conducted to determine major milk constituents of Gir cows and to find out the effects of season, stage of lactation and parity on major milk constituents. Data were generated from 42 Gir cows and 683 milk samples which were analysed at 10 days interval for a period of 6 months from December 2016 to May 2017. The overall means for fat, solid not fat, protein, lactose and total solids were found as 4.399 ± 0.018, 8.632 ± 0.021, 3.173 ± 0.011, 4.582 ± 0.015 and 13.031 ± 0.028 percent, respectively. The effect of season was significant (P<0.01) for all the major milk constituents. Stage of lactation had significantly affected fat, SNF, protein, and total solids percentage whereas the parity was significant (P<0.01) on fat and total solids content of milk. The overall mean for test day milk yield was found to be 5.290 ± 0.081 kg. The effect of season, stage of lactation and parity were found to be highly significant (P<0.01) on test day milk yield. Test day milk yield was found negatively correlated with fat and total solids contents of milk. Highly significant (P<0.01) and positive correlation between fat, solid not fat, lactose and total solids of milk. The overall means for lactation yield, lactation length, peak yield and days to attain peak yield were found to be 1505.997 ± 37.621 kg, 254.989 ± 1.873, 6.162 ± 0.229 and 33.395 ± 1.351 days, respectively. The effect of season of calving was found to be significant for lactation yield, peak yield and days to attain peak yield. Lactation order had significant effect on lactation yield and peak yield whereas the age at first calving was significant on peak yield only.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF SILYMARIN IN HEPATIC DISORDERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ASCITES IN DOGS(Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar Kamdhenu Vishwavidyalaya Durg, 2018-05-05) Sonwani, Tara; Dr. Sushovan Roy"Man's best friend" is a common phrase for domestic dogs, referring to their millennia-long history of close relations, loyalty and companionship with humans and also provide physiological and psychological benefits. Liver plays a pivotal role in the regulation of body metabolism, secretion and detoxification process of many substances. It is the largest parenchymal organ in the body having the biological property of tremendous storage capacity, functional reserve and regenerative capabilities. Ascites is defined as pathological accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Among the abdominal abnormalities of dogs, ascites is commonly encountered condition. Ascites is always an indication of disease, therefore thorough investigation should be aimed at identifying the underlying primary condition. The pathogenesis of ascites is related to protein deficiency and renal, hepatic and cardiovascular insufficiencies. The study was conducted to assess the therapeutic efficacy of silymarin in ascites in dogs. A total of 1,608 dogs irrespective of age, breed and sex from various sources i.e. dogs presented to T.V.C.C., Anjora and different Government Veterinary Hospitals in and around Durg were included in the present study. Based on clinical examination, 29 dogs were found to be positive for ascites of hepatic origin. The prevalence of ascites of hepatic origin in the present study was 1.803%. Age wise prevalence revealed that dogs of age group between 3-5 years were mostly affected as compared to all other age groups. Breed wise prevalence revealed that Labredor retriever was most commonly affected breed as compared to other breeds with no sex predisposition. Reduced Hb, PCV were recorded in ascitic dogs. Hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia and hyperbilirubinemia with increased ALP and GGT levels were the main serum biochemical alteration in ascitic dogs. Ultrasonography revealed anechoic anechoic fluid of variable degree filled inside abdominal cavity. A total of 21 dogs suffering from ascites of hepatic origin were divided into 3 groups I, II and III for therapeutic regimen. Clinical signs and vital parameters were noticed to have improved after 21 days of treatment in all the groups with better improvement in Group III dogs. The hemato-biochemical and USG alterations in ascites affected dogs revealed mild alterations which returned to normal values over the due course of treatment. On the basis of clinical signs of improvement along with restoration of hemato-biochemical parameters, it was observed that Silymarin @50 mg/kg b.wt along with supportive therapy proved better in therapeutic management of ascites of hepatic origin in dogs.
