Biointensive Management of Major Sucking Insect Pests of Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea (L.) in Semi arid Ecosystem of Rajasthan
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Date
2022
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Abstract
The field experiment on “Biointensive Management of Major
Sucking Insect Pests of Groundnut, Arachis hypogaea (L.) in Semi-arid
Ecosystem of Rajasthan” was conducted for two consecutive years
2020 and 2021 during the Kharif, season at Agronomy Farm, S.K.N.
College of Agriculture, Jobner (Rajasthan).
The incidence of the aphid Aphis craccivora started in the first
week of August in both the years. The population of aphid gradually
increased and reached to its peak in the first week of September and
last week of August during Kharif, 2020 and 2021 respectively. The
incidence of leafhopper, Empoasca kerri and thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis
appeared in the fifth and fourth week of July in both the years. The
leafhopper and thrips population reached to its peak in the second
week of September in 2020 and the first week of September in 2021.
The incidence of ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata and
syrphid fly Xanthogramma scutellare appeared from second week of
August to second week of October during 2020 and 2021. The
correlation studies indicated that the aphid, leafhopper and thrips
population had significant positive correlation with relative humidity (r=
0.71, r= 0.62 and r= 0.60) and (r= 0.64, r= 0.77 and r= 0.75) during
both the years 2020 and 2021, respectively. Whereas the leafhopper
and thrips population had significant positive correlation with (r= 0.59
and r= 0.61) minimum temperature in the Kharif, season 2021. In the
experiment it was observed that the predators, ladybird beetle and
syrphid fly had significant positive relationship with aphid, leafhopper
and thrips population during both the years.
Out of fifteen genotypes of groundnut screened against major
sucking insect pests four genotypes viz., RG-632-1, RG-559-3, Girnar 4 and RG-633 were categorized as least susceptible against all the
sucking insect pests under the study. Whereas, RG-622-5, RG-382,
RG-638, RG-628, RG-621, TG-37-A and RG-639 as moderately susceptible and RG-624, RG-425, RG-510 and RG-578 as highly
susceptible to aphid infestation. Eight genotypes viz., RG-382, RG-638,
RG-622-5, RG-628, TG-37-A, RG-639, RG-425 and RG-621 were
moderately susceptible and three genotypes viz., RG-624, RG-510 and
RG-578 were highly susceptible to leafhopper infestations. Similarly,
the genotypes RG-382, RG-638, RG-622-5, RG-628, RG-621, RG-624
and RG-639 found to be moderately susceptible and RG-425, RG-510,
TG-37-A and RG-578 as highly susceptible to thrips infestation. The
biophysical characters of different groundnut genotypes viz., trichome
density, leaf thickness, relative water content and wax content of leaf
had significant negative correlation with mean aphid, leafhopper and
thrips populations. Among the biochemical parameters total phenol had
significant negative correlation while, total sugar, free amino acid
content and chlorophyll content had significant positive correlation with
mean aphid, leafhopper and thrips populations.
Among different treatments applied to control sucking insect
pests of groundnut in the study, the treatments imidacloprid 17.8 SL
and diafenthiuron 50 WP were proved to be most effective. The next
effective treatments were pyriproxyfen 10 EC, spiromesifen 22.9 SC,
chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, novaluron 10 EC and NSKE 5%, while the
least effective treatments i.e. L. lecanii, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae
against major sucking insect pests of groundnut. The maximum yield of
groundnut pod 25.21 q ha-1
and 24.54 q ha-1was obtained in the plots
treated with imidacloprid 17.8 SL and diafenthiuron 50 WP,
respectively. The highest benefit cost ratio was obtained with
imidacloprid 17.8 SL (28.39) followed by pyriproxyfen 10 EC (17.26)
and diafenthiuron 50 WP (15.33) treatments.
The different IPM modules that were evaluated on sucking
insect pests of groundnut indicated that the maximum per cent
reduction insucking insect pests populations was observed in modules
M10 (farmer practices - imidacloprid) followed by M7, M1 and M9 and
categorized as most effective IPM modules. The minimum per cent
reduction in sucking insect pests population was recorded in modules
M5, M2 and M8 and ranked as least effective group of modules. The
modules M6, M4 and M3 were found to be moderately effective IPM
modules. The maximum pod yield of groundnut 27.08 q ha-1 was
obtained in the modules M10 followed by M7 (25.92 q ha-1
), M1 (25.59 q
ha-1
) and M9 (25.25 q ha-1
). On the basis of cost benefit ratio the
modules M10 gave the highest ratio (25.62) followed by M7 (12.35) and
M1 (12.15