Studies on effect of chlorpromazine alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin on bovine Staphylococcal mastitis
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Date
2017
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand-6
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the in-vitro antimicrobial effect of chlorpromazine on Staphylococcus aureus and evaluate its effectiveness in the treatment of bovine Staphylococcal mastitis alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin. In-vitro antibacterial activity of chlorpromazine alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin were determined by Disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus of mastitic milk. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chlorpromazine was also determined by tube dilution method.
A total of 991 quarters from 254 cows which were reported/ presented with the history of either change in the taste of milk and/ or reduction of milk yield in the individual quarter and/ or any other clinical abnormality of milk were screened. The mastitis positive cases were detected through CMT, WST and SCC.
Out of 991 quarters examined, 106 quarters found positive for mastitis. Among such positive cases Staphylococcus aureus were identified, through culture on blood agar and mannitol salt agar as well as through tube catalase test, tube coagulase test and Grams’ staining. Further such indentified Staphylococcus aureus were confirmed by ‘HiMedia Staph Kit’.
A total of 60 Staphylococcus aureus infected quarters were randomly divided into three equal groups (Group-A, Group-B and Group-C) containing 20 animals in each group. The animals of Group-A was treated with 2ml chlorpromazine mixed with 18ml distilled water IMM, the animals of Group-B was treated with 250mg ciprofloxacin mixed with 20ml distilled water and the animals of Group-C was treated with combination of both drug diluted in 18ml distilled water by intramammary route for 7 days. Treatment was assessed on the basis of CMT, WST, DLC and on SCC.
In-vitro antibacterial activities of chlorpromazine were tested and compared with antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin. Result showed that chlorpromazine had good antibacterial activity (21.42mm) against Staphylococcus aureus. Chlorpromazine in combination with ciprofloxacin gave synergistic effect with maximum zone of inhibition (40.38mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of chlorpromazine against Staphylococcus aureus was found 50μg/ml.
Prevalence of mastitis on the basis of cow and quarters were found 35.43% and 10.70% respectively. The prevalence of mastitis was highest in Left fore quarter (15.73%) followed by Right fore (9.60%), Right hind (8.87%) and Left hind (8.57%). A highest prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in Left fore quarter i.e. 9.274% followed by Right fore, Right hind and Left hind with 6.40%, 5.645% and 2.857% respectively was noted quarter wise prevalence.
Microbiological study revealed higher prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (56.60%) followed by coagulase negative Staphylococcus sp. (13.21%) and other micro-organisms (30.19%).
Increased CMT score on 0 day showed declining trend on subsequent day of treatment and from 4th day onwards it found negative for mastitis in Group-A while in Group-B and Group-C it was negative on 5th day onwards.
Increased WST score on 0 day showed declining trend in all the treatment groups, however on 3rd day onwards WST score found negative for mastitis in Group-A & Group-B and in Group-C it was negative frm 4th day onwards.
Before treatment SCC in Group-A i.e. treated with chlorpromazine was 34.378±4.60, in Group-B i.e. treated with ciprofloxacin it was 35.067±3.69 and in Group-C it was 41.344±4.26. Following subsequent day of treatment it decreases significantly (P<0.01). It was observed that on 7th day somatic cell count found negative for mastitis in Group-C i.e. treated with combination of CPZ and CIP while in Group-A and B it showed positive on the basis of mean somatic cell count.
Increased neutrophil percent count on 0 day showed declining trend in all the treated groups, however on 5th day onwards it was found found negative for mastitis in all the treated groups.
Before treatment lymphocyte percent count in Group-A i.e. treated with chlorpromazine was 10.94±0.32, in Group-B i.e. treated with ciprofloxacin it was 10.66±0.38 and in Group-C it was 10.61±0.29 on 0 day. Following subsequent days of treatment it increases significantly (P<0.01) towards normalcy in all treatment groups.
Macrophage percent count before treatment in Group-A i.e. treated with chlorpromazine was 37.47±1.03. In Group-B i.e. treated with ciprofloxacin it was 37.94±0.40 and in Group-C it was 36.44±1.08. Following subsequent days of treatment it increases significantly (P<0.01) to normal value. It was observed that on 2nd day onwards the macrophage percent count showed towards normalcy in Group-A and C while in Group-B it showed normalcy on 3rd day onwards.
Before treatment epithelial cells percent count in Group-A i.e. treated with chlorpromazine was 12.00±0.79, in Group-B i.e. treated with ciprofloxacin it was 11.24±0.50 and in Group-C it was 14.28±1.18. Following subsequent days of treatment it significantly (P<0.01) increases towards normalcy. It was observed that on 5th day onwards epithelial cells percent count found towards normalcy in each groups.
Increased pH on 0 day showed declining trend on subsequent day of treatment and on 4th day onwards it found towards normalcy for mastitis in Group-A and Group-C while in Group-B it was towards normalcy on 5th day onwards.
On the basis of SCC, result showed that recovery from mastitis starts on 2nd day onwards in Group-A where it starts from day 3 and 4 onwards in Group-C and Group-B respectively. Further maximum numbers of recovery (90%) was more in Group-C compared to Group-A & B where similar results (80%) were obtained on 7th day of treatment. Individual variation in reoccurrence of mastitis were noted on 14th and 21st day in different treatment group however non-significant variation in chance of reoccurrence was found between different groups on SCC basis.
Description
Studies on effect of chlorpromazine alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin on bovine Staphylococcal mastitis
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