GENETIC DIVERSITY IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)
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Date
2021
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important Rabi pulses in India which accounts for the 20% of the total pulse production in world and it is member of Fabaceae family. The present investigation was carried out in Rabi 2019-2020 at Western Section of Birsa Agricultural University Research Farm, Kanke, Ranchi. Total twenty six genotypes of chickpea including four checks (BG 372, KWR 108, KPG 59 and Birsa Chana 3) were taken for present investigation. Observations were recorded on eleven quantitative and three qualitative traits under this study. Correlation of different traits with yield and among themselves was also studied. Direct and indirect effects of different traits on yield were estimated at both phenotypic and genotypic level in addition to GCV, PCV, Heritability and Genetic advance. For diversity analysis Mahalanobis D2 statistics was adopted. Genotypes were found significant for all the characters under study except plant height. Phenotypic variance was higher than genotypic variance for all the traits and similar trend was followed for PCV and GCV. High phenotypic and genotypic variance was found for number of seeds per plant. High PCV and GCV was found for 100-seed weight and number of seeds per plant. High heritability in broad sense was recorded for the traits 100-seed weight, days to maturity and days to 50% flowering. High genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for the traits 100-seed weight followed by number of seeds per plant, yield per plant, wilt incidence per cent and number of seeds per pod. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for 100-seed weight which suggested that selection of this trait may be effective as heritability is most likely due to additive gene effects. Positive significant correlation was recorded with yield per plant number of primary branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and number of seeds per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Plant height, number of seeds per plant and wilt incidence % showed positive correlation and direct effects with yield per plant. Mahalanobis D2 statistics revealed five clusters. Among the five clusters, cluster I (23 genotypes) consisted of maximum genotypes followed by cluster II (4 genotypes) and cluster III, IV, V were mono-genotypic. Based on inter-cluster distances and mean performances of clusters for different traits, the advance breeding line among genotypes belonging to cluster I and IV are expected to produce yield and other yield related traits. On the basis of inter-cluster distance and cluster mean genotypes GNG 1958, GCP 105, JG 14, BAUG 15, BAUG 107, BAUG 108, BAUG 109, BAUG 115, BAUG 121, BAUG 123, BAUG 124 and BAUG 129 were found suitable for further hybridization programme. Trait 100-seed weight showed maximum contribution towards the genetic divergence. The qualitative traits flower colour, seed colour and seed testa texture were able to distinguish chickpea genotypes and thus can be used for germplasm characterization in chickpea as per guidelines of DUS test.