NITROGEN, POTASSIUM AND SULPHUR REQUIREMENT FOR TARGETED YIELD OF KHARIF SESAME
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2010-04
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Abstract
A field experiment was conducted on medium black calcareous soil at Agricultural Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Amreli and a cluster of field experiments were conducted on farmers‟ fields with medium black calcareous soils of different villages of Amreli district to study the “Nitrogen, potassium and sulphur requirement for targeted yield of kharif sesame” during kharif 2007 and 2008, respectively. The objective was to assess the effect of nitrogen, potassium and sulphur levels on growth, yield and yield attributes, quality parameters, content and uptake of nutrients and soil nutrients (N, P, K, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) availability as well as to develop targeted yield equations and to verify different yield targets.
Twenty seven fertilizer treatments with three levels of nitrogen (0, 50 and 100 kg ha-1), three levels of potassium (0, 40
and 80 kg ha-1) and three levels of sulphur (0, 20 and 40 kg ha-1) were taken for investigation.
The results of the field experiments revealed that the maximum dry matter yield was observed during the period of 60 DAS to harvest (49.96 %) followed by 30-60 DAS (32.02 %) and 0-30 DAS (18.02 %).
The major (N, P, K, S) and micro (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) nutrient content in the plant decreased with advancement of crop growth. The accumulation of major (N, P, K, S) and micro (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) nutrients by crop was increased with advancement of its growth and age.
The seed (1089 kg ha-1) and stover (2020 kg ha-1) yield, yield attributes like the plant height (106.0 cm), number of branches per plant (4.0), number of capsules per plant (80.0), number of seeds per capsule (59.0), the dry matter yield and CGR value, quality parameters like test weight (3.04 g), protein content (20.47 %) and oil yield (544.9 kg ha-1) were observed maximum under application of nitrogen @ 100 kg ha-1.
The content of all the macro and micro nutrients in plant and seed did not influence by varying levels of nitrogen application, except nitrogen content.
The uptake of all the macro (N, P, K, S) and micro (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) nutrients by stover at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest as well as their uptake by seed and total uptake by crop was recorded maximum with application of nitrogen @ 100 kg ha-1.
Increasing levels of nitrogen did not affect the availability of macro and micro nutrients in soil, except available nitrogen, which was recorded highest at 100 kg N ha-1.
The seed (1034 kg ha-1) and stover (1900 kg ha-1) yield of sesame found higher at 80 kg K2O ha-1. Similarly, plant height (99.0 cm), number of branches per plant (4.00), number of capsules per plant (72.0), number of seeds per capsule (56.9), test weight (2.91 g) and oil yield (516.0 kg ha-1) as well as the dry matter yield and CGR of crop at all growth stages were recorded significantly higher under application of 80 kg K2O ha-1.
The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and all the micro nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) in stover did not influence significantly under application of potassium at all growth stages and also in seed. While, the concentration of potassium was observed higher in stover at all the growth stages and also in seed under application of potassium @ 80 kg ha-1.
The nitrogen and potassium uptake by stover at all growth stages as well as their uptake by seed and total uptake by crop, phosphorus uptake at 60 DAS, at harvest as well as its uptake by seed and total uptake by crop, S uptake at harvest and its uptake by seed and total uptake by crop were obtained maximum with application of 80 kg K2O ha-1.
The uptake of micro nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) by stover at different growth stages as well as its uptake by seed and total uptake by crop was recorded higher under application of potassium @ 80 kg ha-1, except Mn uptake by stover at 30 DAS, which was observed maximum with 40 kg K2O ha-1.
Only the availability of potassium in soil was increased with increasing level of potassium, while other macro and micro nutrients remain unaffected.
The seed (1021 kg ha-1) and stover (1867 kg ha-1) yield of sesame were recorded highest with application of 40 kg S ha-1. Similarly, yield attributes like the plant height (99.0 cm), number of branches per plant (4.00), number of capsules per plant (71.0), number of seeds per capsule (56.0), quality parameters like test weight (2.86 g), oil content (50.30 %) and oil yield (513.8 kg ha-1) and dry weight of crop and CGR value also were observed higher under application of sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1.
The content of all the macro and micro nutrients in plant and seed did not influence by varying levels of sulphur application, except sulphur content which was found higher in stover at all growth stages and also in seed with 40 kg S ha-1.
The uptake of nitrogen and sulphur and the micro (Mn, Zn, Cu) nutrients by stover at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest as well as its uptake by seed and total uptake by crop, phosphorus uptake by stover at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, potassium by 30 DAS, seed uptake, iron by 30, 60 DAS, at harvest, total uptake by crop was recorded maximum with application of sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1.
Increasing levels of sulphur did not affect the availability of macro and micro nutrients in soil, except sulphur availability, which was significantly highest at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest of crop, under higher dose of sulphur i.e. 40 kg ha-1.
The seed and stover yield of sesame, oil yield, total dry matter yield at 60 DAS and at harvest, uptake of nitrogen by
stover at 60 DAS, potassium by stover at 30 and 60 DAS, phosphorus and manganese at 60 DAS, total uptake and sulphur and copper at 30, 60 DAS, at harvest and total uptake, iron by stover at 60 DAS, at harvest and total uptake, zinc by 60 DAS, at harvest, seed and its total uptake by crop were recorded significantly higher under application of nitrogen @ 100 kg ha-1 and potassium @ 80 kg ha-1.
The stover yield of sesame, total dry matter yield at harvest, oil yield and sulphur uptake by stover at harvest, seed
and its total uptake by crop, iron, zinc and copper by stover at harvest and total uptake, manganese by stover at 30 DAS, seed and total uptake by crop were recorded significantly higher under application of nitrogen @ 100 kg ha-1 and sulphur @ 40 kg ha-1. While, the uptake of potassium by stover at 30 and 60 DAS recorded higher at combined application of nitrogen @ 50 kg ha-1 and sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1.
The growth, yield and yield attributes, quality parameters, content and uptake as well as availability of macro (N, P, K, S) and micro (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) nutrients did not influence significantly under combined application of potassium and sulphur.
The requirement of nitrogen, potassium and sulphur for producing one quintal sesame seed was 4.85, 2.00 and 0.58 kg, respectively. Sesame seed yield were achieved within ± 1.33 to 8.50 per cent variation at different yield targets (6, 8, 10 and 12 q ha-1) from verified trials on the basis of derived equation of N (FN = 22.30 x T – 0.74 SN), K (FK2O = 18.76 x T – 0.56 SK) and S (FS = 9.06 x T – 2.24 SS). The additional seed yield was obtained at 8, 10 and 12 q ha-1 yield targets by 10.39, 37.65 and 48.18
per cent, respectively, over general recommended dose of sesame.
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NITROGEN, POTASSIUM AND SULPHUR, AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY AND SOIL SCIENCE