STUDIES ON INDUCED METAGENESIS AND in vitro REGENERATION IN TURMERIC {Curcuma longa L.)
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Date
2007-08-31
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University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Banglore
Abstract
Turmeric is an important rhizomatous spice, combining properties
of colourant, cosmetic and drug. Sterile triploid nature of turmeric is one
of the bottlenecks in crop improvement. Being a vegetatively propagated
crop, mutation breeding is an important tool in turmeric improvement.
Studies were conducted to standardize the optimum dose of
mutagen i.e., gamma irradiation for in vivo and chemical mutagens for in
vitro raised plants, to standardize the protocol for in vitro clonal
propagation and to study the variability in the induced mutants.
Among the two cultivars evaluated, Salem was more sensitive to
gamma irradiation with a LD50 dose of 1.135 kR compared to Cuddappah
(2.69 kR). Mutant spectrum showed predominance of striata type and
dwarf types in chlorophyll and morphological mutants respectively.
The study on vegetative characters indicated that lower doses of 0.5
and 1.0 kR did not affect the characters significantly. The vegetative
characters and crop duration was drastically reduced at 5.0 kR and as a
result, plants did not form the rhizomes. Higher degree of variability was
observed for characters such as number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf
area, weight of mother and finger rhizomes. The highest GCV and
PCV was observed for weight of finger rhizomes. C-1.0 - 10/4 (546.9g)
and S-0.5-9/3 (487.48) were selected for higher rhizome yield, S-0.5 - 9/9
(24.7%) for recovery and SO.5-6/1 (5.42) for higher curcumin content after
evaluating evaluation of M1V2 progenies.
In vitro studies for clonal propagation of turmeric indicated that the
highest number of multiple shoots in turmeric was obtained in MS
medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/1 BAP and 0.2 mg/1 NAA whereas,
better rooting was obtained with 0.5 mg/1 IB A.
The in vitro mutation studies in cv. Salem with chemical mutagens
indicated that the LD50 for EMS was 114.58 |iM and DES was 28.80 pM.
Both mutagens increased the variability in vegetative and reproductive
characters. Mutants D-1-3 (318.25g) and E-200-4 (285.83g) gave the
highest rhizome yield whereas, D-10-3 recorded the highest curcumin
content.
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