Studies on Benzalkonium Chloride Toxicity in Poultry
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Date
2000
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
Biochemical analysis of the serum obtained from acutely intoxicated birds revealed increased level of AST, ALT, glucose, urea, uric, acid. Na and K whereas there was decreased in the level of alkaline. phosphatase, serum total protein, albumin and globulin. Increased level of metabolic waste product, urea and uric acid suggested renal dysfunction whereas hyperkalemia must be the cause for apathy and somnolence and death due to cardiac arrythemia. Massive loss of fluid through edematous change was responsible for hypoproteinemia.eigin get var simorniagaai.
The peak values of biochemical analysis was obtained at 18 hrs. interval, thereafter regression polycythemia and was sed hemoglobin leve seen. Birds developed relative due to dehydration ting from massive fluid loss through edematous changes. Marked leukocytosis and heterophilia was also observed. Redistribution of leucocytes between marrow, marginal pool, circulating pool and tissue phase was responsible. for fluctuating values of leucocytic count during acute toxicity.
Analysis of drinking water treated with different concentrations of revealed dose dependent increase in DCO₂. pH, alkalinity and B.C. conductivity whereas dose dependent decrease was observed in the level of DO. This resulted in reduced wholesomeness of drinking water at higher dose rate of B.C., whereas quality of water was not found to be affected at 100 ppm. of B.C.
Thus considering all the view-points observed during the present study following conclusion can be drawn.
(a)At low dose rate B.C. does not produce any systemic dysfunction but at higher dose rate and due to acute toxicity inflammatory an degenerative changes were seen in liver and kidney also, in addition to Gl tract and respiratory tract.
(b) Dose rate of 500 and 700 ppm B.C. in drinking water proved to be toxic and resulted in poor body weight gain by the birds.
(c) Dose rate of 300 ppm appeared to be responsible for border line effect. At this dose rate although body weight gain was almost equal to control but early signs of toxicity were seen biochemically and histopathologically.
(d) Dose rate of 100 ppm B.C. proved to be highly beneficial for the birds which registered even better body weight gain than control and no harmful effect was seen in the functional or morphological status of the body. This dose can be recommended as a substitute for antibiotics in their use as disinfectant and sanitizer.
(e) Since marked hyperplastic reaction and dysplasia were seen during chronic toxicity further projects should be taken up to assess the potentiality of B.C. in developing atypical changes due to its long term toxicity.