IMPACT OF WEATHER VARIABLES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA UNDER AGROCLIMATIC CONDITION OF RANCHI
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Date
2023
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Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi
Abstract
Weather parameters impact crop growth and productivity, with each phenological stage having its own optimal conditions. Understanding these relationships is crucial for sustainable production and productivity, requiring agro-climatological knowledge of individual crops and locations. Agricultural production and productivity of any region is regulated by the prevailing weather and derived agrometeorologicial indices of that area through temperature, Rainfall, Light intensity, Radiation, Sunshine duration and their derived indices such as GDD, HTU and PTU etc. Sowing dates significantly impact chickpea yield, making optimal timing crucial for optimal environmental conditions. Delays in sowing reduce growth period, maturity, and yield.
A field experiment entitled was conducted at experimental field at Birsa agricultural university research field. The treatment consist three growing environment viz. 10 November, 25 November, 10 December and 3 varieties viz. JG-14 GNG-1581 Birsa chana 3 were laid out in factorial randomized block design with 3 replications.
During the entire crop growing period (45-18th SMW) weather condition. Tmax ranged between 21-39.2°C and Tmin ranged between 3·6-26.4°C with Relative humidity (RH) value of RH1 between 84-88% and RH2 between 68-70%. While the BSS ranged between 0-9.5 hrs/day. Wind speed was 2.5 km/hr having total rainfall of 130.4 mm.
The result revealed that days taken for emergence was 11-12 days for Early and normal data and 15-16 days for late sown condition. The duration for attaining different phenophase curtailed to have shorter duration with delay in sowing. Birsa chana 3 has longest duration in all 3 dates of sowing 133, 125 & 116 days with GNG-1581 second least at 131, 124 & 114 days while shortest in JG 14 128, 120 & 110 days to attain physiological maturity.
Accumulated growing degree days (GDD) was highest in early sown crop and decreased with delay in sowing. Similarly, the accumulated Helio Thermal Unit (HTU) and Photo Thermal Unit (PTU) were made in early sown crops and decreased in delayed sowing condition. GDD, HTU and PTU accumulated by GNG-1581 and Birsa chana 3 were at par with each other while JG-14 has significantly less accumulation.
Among the different dates of sowing normal date of sowing achieved greater plant height with no. of branches having higher total dry weight in gms and consisting of maximum numbers of pods. Normal sown variety has the highest yield of 22.05 q/ha with harvest index (HI) of 51% and among varieties GNG-1581 has the yield of 21.92 q/ha with harvest index (HI) of 53%.
Higher values of Heat use efficiency (HUE) and Radiation use efficiency (RUE) were obtained under normal sown conditions which showed a decline in early and late sown condition among varieties GNG-1581 has highest HUE and RUE (1.6 kg/ha ℃ days & 1.3 kg/ha/MJ) respectively.