Development of EST-SSR markers and assessment of genetic diversity, relationships and population structure in aonla (Phyllanthus emblica L
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Date
2023-06-05
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UHF,NAUNI
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Phyllanthus emblica L. (Aonla) is an important edible and non-timber forest product species
which have numerous medicinal and therapeutic uses. In the present study, commercial and wild aonla
genotypes were characterized on physico-chemical parameters and molecular parameters. EST-SSRs were
developed from fruit transcriptome data as well as data retrieved from NCBI database and further
subjected to assess the genetic diversity and population structure. The significant variations were observed
in physico-chemical parameters (fruit size, weight, colour, TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid and total phenolic
contents) among all studied aonla genotypes. There was a significant positive correlation observed among
most of the studied fruit attributes. Principal component analysis (PCA) divided the studied traits into two
principal components i.e. PC1 and PC2 that accounted for 71.69 of the total variability. The cluster
analysis was performed using Ward’s method that divided the aonla genotypes into two major clusters i.e.
A and B where cluster A grouped all the wild genotypes, while cluster B comprised of all the commercial
varieties. Under molecular characterization, out of total 102 EST-SSR primers, 46 were found to be
polymorphic and further used in diversity analysis. The allele number was found to be varied from 2 to 26
with an average of 11.28 allele per locus. PIC, EMR, MI and Rp values ranged from 0.24 to 0.94, 0.50 to
25.00, 0.12 to 23.50 and 1.45 to 18.09, respectively. The mean value of He and Ho was 0.64 and 0.74. The
dendrogram divided the aonla genotypes into two main clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.43. The two
wild genotypes ‘HPU5’ and ‘HPU6’ had the maximum similarity coefficient i.e. 0.82. However, the
genotypes ‘NA-6’ and ‘HPSo3’ were found to be highly diversified to each other. Population structure
analysis showed admixture of four different genetic pools. Although the correlation between physicochemical
and molecular parameters found to be moderate but both these methods revealed the high genetic
diversity among studied aonla genotypes which can be explored in breeding programmes for selection of
superior genotypes. Furthermore, developed polymorphic EST-SSRs in this study can be utilized in future
to study the population genetics and genetic resource management of the Phyllanthus emblica and its
closely related species.