COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ADVANCED LOCKING PLATE SYSTEM AND LOCKING COMPRESSION PLATE FOR FEMUR FRACTURE REPAIR IN DOGS
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Date
2022
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KARNATAKA VETERINARY, ANIMAL AND FISHERIES SCIENCES UNIVERSITY, BIDAR – 585 226
Abstract
A study on prevalence of femoral fractures in dogs was conducted in and around
Bidar from January 2016 to December 2020. A review of 22,976 cases throughout the
period of retrospective study revealed 158 dogs with fractures. The highest prevalence
was observed in dogs aged less than 1 year (42.25%), males (78.87%), mongrel
(81.69%), transverse (45.07%) and diaphyseal (80.28%), with the aetiology of the
femur fractures primarily being automobile accidents (57.75%). The present study
also focused on the comparative healing characteristics of femur fractures in dogs
when immobilised with either ALPS II or LCP. Twelve clinical cases of dogs
presented with femoral fractures were randomly divided into two groups. Preoperative
clinical, physical, physiological, and radiological examination was
performed to aid in surgical planning. Appropriate plate and screw lengths were
selected by measuring the length of the fractures bone and the medio-lateral thickness
of contralateral femur using electronic callipers. The femoral fractures in dogs of
group I were repaired using ALPS II whereas the dogs of group II were repaired using
LCP following their respective procedures for application. The healing of the
fractures was studied at intervals of 0th, 15th, 30th and 60th post-operative days based
on clinical, biochemical and radiological analysis. Clinical assessment of weightbearing,
functional limb usage and grading of lameness was performed in both the
groups at the appropriate intervals of the study. Weight-bearing during walk was
observed as early as 3rd post-operative day in dogs treated with ALPS II, whereas
those treated with LCP showed weight-bearing during walk by 7th post-operative day.
Dogs of both groups started to bear weight on the fractured limb while standing,
immediately after the surgical repair. Functional limb usage was considered
satisfactory in dogs of both the groups with the exception of two dogs which incurred
post-operative complications. Lameness grading in both the groups showed that
ALPS II had a statistically superior healing time when compared with LCP. The
physiological and biochemical parameters were frivolous in analysing the biological
process of fracture healing. Radiologically, 11 out of 12 dogs showed minimal callus
formation and good progression towards radiographical healing. Callus formation was
marginally lesser in dogs treated with ALPS II when compared with LCP, which is
indicative of the superior healing characteristics of ALPS II. Post-operative
complications were observed in two dogs. One dog of group I showed plate elevation
and distal fragment separation on the 40th post-operative day. One dog of group II
showed refracture proximal to the plate, plate bending, and screw pull-out on the 20th
post-operative day. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it was inferred
that both the implants provided sufficient stability and immobilization of fracture
fragments which enabled early ambulation of the dogs with femoral fractures. ALPS
II was found to provide early and consistent functional outcome of the fractured limb
when compared to LCP, however, the difference was found to be quite minimal.