TAGGING GENETIC DETERMINANTS FOR NUT WEIGHT AND SHELLING PERCENTAGE IN CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE L.)
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Date
2009-02-10
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BENGALURU
Abstract
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is one of the important
plantation crops in India, cultivated in the east and west coasts. It is a
member of the family Anacardiaceae and native of Brazil. Cashew was
introduced into India in the 16th century by the Portuguese (De Coata,
1578). From India, it was carried eastward to Amboina in Indonesia
(Rumphius, 1962). Dispersal of the species to South-East Asia appears
to have been carried by birds, bats, monkeys and human agents (Burkill,
1935; Johnson, 1973). Though cashew was originally introduced as a
soil binder, in recent years it has assumed a pre-eminent position in
Indian economy as the leading foreign exchange earner. During 2007-
2008 cashew was grown in 8,68,000 ha in India with an annual
production of 665000 MT, with a productivity of 860 kg per hectare.
Apart from kernels, by-products of cashew namely, cashew apple and
Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) are potentially important in local and
international markets. Cashew nut shell liquid, a naturally occurring
phenol, present in the honeycomb structure (mesocarp) between the
outer shell (epicarp) and the inner shell (endocarp) of the cashew nut is
used in the manufacture of paints, varnishes, brake lining material etc.
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