STUDIES ON THE HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF RASTRELLIGER KANAGURTHA FISH EXTRACT AND FLAVONOID MORIN IN RATS
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Date
2023-03
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is one of the major problem encountered in animals and humans,
as the liver is the major target organ for the metabolism of various xenobiotics. Carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4) is one of the most commonly used hepatotoxins in experimental
studies to investigate liver injury associated with oxidative stress and free radical
generation.
The use of natural products, without causing much further stress, in preventing
and treating liver diseases has gained wide acceptance. Fishes were reported to have
higher amounts of essential amino acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated
fatty acids, and minerals. Rastrelliger kanagurta commonly called as Indian mackerel is
widely distributed in the tropical Indo-Pacific region and is a rich source of omega-3
PUFAs which significantly regulate cell proliferation, fatty acid metabolism and in
reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Morin a bioflavonoid obtained from
members of the Moraceae like Morus alba L (white mulberry), leaves of Psidium guajava,
almond and other fruits possess various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective properties. The major
mechanism of hepatic damage produced by CCl4 is lipid peroxidation and oxidative
damage by producing free radicals. As the flavonoid and fish extract possess antioxidant
activity, they may reduce the hepatotoxicity produced by CCl4. Hence, the present study
was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Rastrelliger kanagurtha fish
extract and morin alone and in combination in CCl4-induced hepatotoxic rats.
Thirty Wistar strain male albino rats aged about 45 days were randomly assigned
to 5 groups. Group I was maintained as control and received 1% DMSO orally for 3 weeks
and olive oil I/P twice a week in the 2nd and 3rd week while groups II, III, IV, and V rats
received carbon tetrachloride @ 1ml/kg body weight in olive oil (1:1) I/P twice a week
in the 2nd and 3rd week. In addition, Group III & IV rats were administered with R.
kanagurtha fish extract and morin at the dose of 300mg/Kg and 30mg/Kg body weight
per oral daily for 3 weeks respectively, whereas Group V rats received combination of R.
kanagurtha fish extract and morin per oral daily for 3 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the
last day of treatment blood samples were collected for the estimation of biochemical
parameters and liver samples were collected for gross and histopathological examination.
Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxic rats showed a reduction in body weight, anemia
and increase in transaminases. The natural defense mechanism of oxidative damage i.e.,
reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione
peroxidase (GPx) were reduced and lipid peroxidation marker like TBARS increased
significantly when compared to normal rats. Histopathological examination of the liver
showed necrotic hepatocytes, ballooning of hepatocytes and centrilobular infiltration of
mononuclear cells in sinusoidal spaces were evidenced in the CCl4 treated rats.
Treatment with R. kanagurtha fish extract, morin, and their co-administration
along with CCl4 led to a reversal in the hepatic biomarkers and a significant reduction in
the MDA levels by 67%, 65% and 76% respectively. This trend was in agreement with
improved body weight gain, improved antioxidant markers and less severe
histoarchitectural changes in the liver. Based on the results it was concluded that the co
administration of R. kanagurtha fish extract and morin may have a significant potential
and synergistic effect on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity than their individual treatments.