Nitrogen management in wheat for increasing yield and its use efficiency
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Date
2023-07
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CCSHAU, Hisar
Abstract
Study on “Nitrogen management in wheat for increasing yield and its use efficiency” was
conducted at research farm, Department of Soil Science, CCSHAU, Hisar Haryana. The location of
experimental site was 29o16‟N latitude and 75o7‟E longitude in the North-West part of India. The
objective of this study to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen management practices in wheat for
enhancing yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The experiment was designed with seven treatments
comprising of control, recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN), 125% of recommended dose of nitrogen,
soil test based nitrogen management, STCR based nitrogen management, 100 kg urea ha-1+LCC based
nitrogen application at 2nd irrigation and LCC based nitrogen application at 1st and 2nd irrigation with
three replications in a randomized block design. The highest grain yield (3600 kg ha-1) was obtained
when 187.5 kg N ha-1 was applied in 125% RDN based treatment. However, the grain yield obtained in
LCC-based treatment was statistically at par with RDN and soil test based treatment. Consequently the
N, P and K content and uptake was higher in 125% RDN and STCR based nitrogen management
practices. The chlorophyll content and gluten content was also significantly high in STCR treatment.
The chemical properties of soil-pH, EC, OC and available P didn‟t differ significantly among different
nitrogen management practices after harvest while available K was highest in soil sample of every
treatment after harvest except control in comparison to their amount before sowing of the crop. The
available nitrogen increased up to 40 DAS in all treatments except control while in 125% RDN it
increased up to 70 DAS and then started declining progressively in all management practices. After
harvest of the crop the available nitrogen was significantly higher in STCR-based treatment while
available K was significantly higher in both LCC-based treatments. The urease enzyme activity had
followed the same trend as was followed by available nitrogen during different crop growth stages.
Initially, it increased with the supply of urea up to 70 DAS except for control and afterward, it started
declining progressively in all treatments. However, the significantly highest urease activity in soil
sample after harvest was recorded in STCR-based treatment, and on the other hand LCC based
treatment was at par with RDN-based treatment in terms of urease activity after harvest. The
consumption of only 104 kg N ha-1 in LCC-based treatment without sacrificing yield over RDN
resulted in its higher agronomic and recovery efficiency. As per economic analysis, it was found that
the STCR-based treatment incurred a higher cost of cultivation while higher gross returns and benefit
cost ratio was obtained in 125% RDN-based management of nitrogen. However, nitrogen management
with the help of LCC proved an economically viable option over application of a recommended dose of
nitrogen.