INCLUSION OF FLAVOUR IN MUSTARD CAKE BASED DIET AND THEIR EFFECTS ON FEED INTAKE AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF SAHIWAL CALVES
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Date
2022
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ICAR-NDRI, KARNAL
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of inclusion of flavour in
mustard cake based diet on feed intake, growth performance, digestibility and blood
metabolites of Sahiwal calves by conducting growth trial for 90 days. Twenty four healthy
growing Sahiwal calves (about six to ten months-old) were selected and divided randomly
into four groups on the basis of body weight having six animals in each group namely
Treatment 1 (T1), Treatment 2 (T2), Treatment 3 (T3) and Treatment 4 (T4). Animals in
all groups were fed individually as per feeding schedule followed in NDRI, Karnal with
Total mixed ration (TMR) to meet the requirement for both maintenance and growth as
per ICAR 2013. The experimental animals allocated to treatment 1 were fed with control
diet containing 0% mustard cake in concentrate, whereas the animals allocated to T2, T3
and T4 treatment groups were fed with diet containing concentrate with protein source
replaced with mustard cake at 50%, 75% and 100% levels, respectively. T2, T3, and T4
group, were supplemented with Lactovanilla flavour at of 2.5 g/kg DMI/d whereas the
control group (T1) received no flavour supplementation. Blood samples were collected on
monthly interval at 0, 30th, 60th and 90th day of experiment for evaluating blood
biochemical parameters and hormones and digestibility trail of 7 days was conducted on
last fortnight of the experiment. The study revealed that significantly higher (P<0.05)
average DMI (kg/100 kg BW) was observed in T2 (3.17±0.07) and T3 (3.20±0.10) groups
compared to T1 (2.73±0.14). Average daily body weight gain (g/d/calf) were
498.70±18.51, 537.30±10.54, 559.43±15.44 and 518.70±13.35 in T1, T2, T3 and T4
groups, respectively. Average daily body weight gain (g/d/calf) was significantly higher
(P<0.05) in T3 group as compared with T1 group. However, there was no significant
difference between the treatment groups T2 and T4. Feed conversion ratio (kg DMI/kg
live weight gain) were unaffected due to inclusion of flavour, but marginally higher FCR
were observed in T2 group. Blood glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST
and IGF-1 were similar among all four treatments. Significantly higher (P<0.05)
DM(kg/100 kg BW/d), CP(kg/100 kg BW/d) and TDN(kg/100 kg BW/d) intake were
observed in T2 and T3 groups compared to T1 group. Digestibility coefficients of DM,
OM, CP, EE, NDF and ADF were unaffected due to inclusion of flavour. It can be
concluded that addition of flavour in mustard cake based diet had a positive impact on
feed intake, growth performance but did not affect blood profiles of growing Sahiwal
calves.