PLATE-ROD TECHNIQUE FOR REPAIR OF DIAPHYSEAL FEMORAL FRACTURES IN DOGS
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Date
2022-08
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
The present study entitled “Plate-rod technique for repair of diaphyseal femoral
fractures in dogs” was carried out on 12 clinical cases with femur diaphyseal fractures
presented to Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, NTR College of
Veterinary Science, Gannavaram and divided into two groups of 6 each. Total number
of fracture cases recorded in dogs were 197 of which long bone fractures were 156
(79.18%). Among the long bone fractures incidence was highest in femur (37.82%)
followed by tibia and fibula (25.01%), radius and ulna (21.15%) and lowest in humerus
(16.02%). More incidence was observed in dogs aged below 1 year (62.71%).
Incidence was more in Mongrels (42.37%). Higher incidence was observed in males
(54.23%) than females (45.77%). The main cause for fracture was automobile accident
(75.0%) followed by unknown causes (16.67%) and fall from a height (8.33%). Dogs
with femur fracture exhibited symptoms like non-weight bearing of the affected limb,
local swelling, pain, crepitus and abnormal mobility with or without soft tissue damage.
Cranio-caudal and medio-lateral radiographs were taken for diagnosis, fracture
classification and selection of implant. Among 59 femur fractures, 15.25% were
proximal femur fractures, 44.08% were diaphyseal fracture and 40.67% were distal
femur fractures. Cranio-lateral approach was used for femur under atropine
premedication and ketamine-xylazine induction with 2-3% isoflurane maintenance. In
Group I, the fracture was stabilized with IM pinning and in Group II with LCP platerod
system. Implants were selected based on body weight and bone length. Postoperatively,
the dogs were evaluated by clinical, radiographical parameters, lameness
grading and serum biochemistry on immediate, 15th, 30th and 60th post-operative days.
In both the groups, fracture healed by secondary healing. In Group I, complete healing
was observed on 60th POD. In Group II, majority dogs showed signs of clinical union
by 30 POD and signs of radiographic union on 40th POD. In group I, the dogs regained
full functionality of the limb on or after 60th POD, whereas in Group II, by 30th POD.
Dogs regained normal return to weight bearing far early in Group II compared to Group
I. In Group I, pin migration and suture dehiscence were observed. Elevation in serum
Ca, P and alkaline phosphatase values was observed up to 15th POD and later returned
to base value by 60th POD. Significant variation was observed between the groups with
regard to serum phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase. To conclude, plate-rod system
for repair of femur diaphyseal fractures resulted in early ambulation and accelerated
bone healing without any complications. Adding an IM pin to the implant system
increases the rigidity by two-fold and reduces the stress on plate by ten-fold.
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