Genetic analysis for yield, quality and nutritional traits in basmati rice oryza sativa l.
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Date
2023-01
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. PIN - 263145
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out with the objective to assess genetic variability, genetic divergence and character association among 37 basmati and aromatic germplasm lines and to stimate combining ability and heterosis with respect to yield, its attribute, quality and nutritional traits. To study the nature of gene action for yield, its attributes and nutritional traits. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among 37 basmati and aromatic lines for all the traits studied. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for grain yield per plant, alkali spreading value and number of tillers per plant. High heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance was observed for traits like alkali spreading value, number of tillers per plant, length/breadth ratio, iron content, grain yield per plant and zinc content. Grain yield per plant was found to be positively and highly significant correlated with plant height, panicle length, 1000 grain weight, grain breadth, hulling % and milling %. Path coefficient analysis showed that the plant height, iron content, 1000 grain weight, grain length, and grain breadth contribute highly to grain yield per plant through direct effect. Thirty seven lines were grouped into seven clusters based on the D2 values. Maximum inter-cluster distance was between cluster IV (Ranbir Basmati, Tilak Chandhan, Basmati 564, Basmati 867) and VI (Hansraj, Pant Sugandh Dhan 17, Taraori Basmati) indicating that genotypes from these clusters were highly divergent meriting their consideration in selection of parents for hybridization. Ten lines and three testers were used to develop 45 F1’s crossed in Line × Tester fashion during kharif 2022. These F1’s were subjected to evaluation along with their parents including 1 check (Improved Pusa Basmati 1). Estimates of variance due to GCA and SCA and their ratio showed a predominance of non-additive gene effects in the expression of all the characters studied. Among the lines viz., asmati 386, Pant Sugandh Dhan 27, Taraori Basmati and among the testers Pant Basmati 2 was identified as good general combiner as they showed good general combining ability with most of the characters studied. The F1 Basmati 370 × Pusa 1509 was identified as the best specific combiner for grain yield per plant. The most promising heterotic crosses for grain yield per plant were Basmati 386 × Pusa 1121, Basmati 370 × Pusa 1509 and Basmati 386 × Pusa 1509 over the better parent and could be utilized commercially for exploitation of heterosis. Testing of Zromising hybrids across the location in diverse environment is suggested to establish their real potential. Generation mean analysis revealed that additive, dominance, additive × additive and dominance × dominance interaction effects were present along with duplicate dominant epistasis for grain yield and nutritional traits. Hence, selection may be delayed to later segregating enerations when the dominance and epistasis disappear and resorting to intermating of segregants followed by recurrent selection.