CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY TO DETERMINE APPARENT OCCURRENCE OF FAMILY Anaplasmataceae IN CANINES IN AND AROUND KRISHNA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH
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Date
2022-05
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are indeed a major health concern for dogs
around the world, with the potential to spread zoonoses. The VBDs represent a varied
group of diseases, including anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis, which can cause serious,
even life-threatening clinical conditions in dogs. In the present study, prevalence of
blood parasites of canines belonging to the family Anaplasmataceae was carried out by
blood smear examination in correlation with suitable haemogram and genomic DNA
amplification by PCR. A total of 54 blood samples were collected at Teaching
Veterinary Clinical Complex, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram and
nearby private veterinary clinics over a period of nine months (March to November,
2021) from dogs presented with tick infestation and clinical symptoms suggestive of
diseases caused by Anaplasmataceae pathogens. The blood samples were initially
screened for the presence of Anaplasmataceae species by microscopic examination,
which revealed 14.81 (8/54) and 1.85 (1/54) per cent prevalence of Anaplamataceae
species (Ehrlichia canis) by Leishman and acridine orange staining technique. None of
the samples were positive for E. ewingii, Anaplasma platys, and
A. phagocytophilum. DNA from whole blood was isolated to amplify E. canis virB9,
E. ewingii p28, A. phagocytophilum 16SrRNA and A. platys 16SrRNA genes. Out of
fifty four, 46.29 per cent of dogs were found positive for at least one pathogen of
Anaplamataceae by PCR with E. canis (40.74%) being the most prevalent species
followed by A. platys (5.56%). Sequences of E. canis and A. platys obtained from dogs
demonstrated 95.75% and 99.86% homology with the published sequences of E. canis
and A. platys, respectively. There was close similarity between clinical and
haematological signs of E. canis and A. platys infections. Pyrexia and lymphadenopathy
were frequent signs noticed in infected dogs. Based on clinical signs and haematological
findings, dogs found positive for ehrlichiosis were graded as acute, chronic and sub
clinical cases. In acute case, fever, anorexia, reduction in all the erythrogram values
along with relative monocytosis, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, leucopenia and mild
thrombocytopenia was observed. In chronic cases, the erythrogram values were found in
the normal range with marginal leucopenia, relative neutrophilia, mild monocytosis and
thrombocytopenia. In subclinical cases, the leucogram was found in normal range with
severe reduction of erythrogram values. Because of low prevalence of A. platys we
could not reveal any correlation between infected dogs and hematological changes but
platelets count in infected dogs was found normal. Ehrlichia canis infection was more
prevalent (P>0.05) in females and German shepherds dogs. The study reported the
prevalence of A. platys for first time in Andhra Pradesh. Further study involving larger
number of dogs from other districts of Andhra Pradesh may be beneficial for the
effective characterization of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species in Andhra Pradesh.
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