STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT FODDER CROPS UNDER LOW COST GREEN HOUSE HYDROPONIC FODDER PRODUCTION SYSTEM
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Date
2022-05
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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITY TIRUPATI - 517 502. (A.P.) INDIA
Abstract
Hydroponic Fodder is a significant alternative to fodder production for the farmers
with minimal land availability, with scarce rainfall and with better productive
performance compared to conventional fodder production. An endeavor was made to
assess the physical and chemical performance of different Hydroponic Fodder under low
cost Hydroponic Fodder Production system established in Tippanagunta village and also
to assess the probabilities of utilization of Hydroponic Fodder for the better productive
performance of cattle under village conditions using the Hydroponic Fodder. Different
seeds such as Maize, Barley, Bajra, Jowar, Horsegram, Cowpea, Lucerne and Pillipesara
were used for this study.
The shoot length(cm) on 8th day was highest in Maize (32.7) followed by Cowpea
(26.7), Horsegram (26.11), Jowar (23.1), Barley (20.7), Pillipesara (16.5), Bajra (13.8),
Lucerne (8.9). The shoot length of different Hydroponic Fodders on 8th day of growth
was statistically significant (P0.01), The leaf area for Lucerne (0.182) and Pillipesara
(0.172) on 5th day was not statistically significant at (P>0.01). The leaf area of different
Hydroponic Fodders on 6th day of growth was statistically significant (P0.01). The leaf area for Lucerne (0.194) and Pillipesara (0.199) on 6th
day was not statistically significant at (P>0.01).The leaf area of different Hydroponic
Fodders on 7th day of growth was statistically significant (P0.01). The leaf area of different Hydroponic Fodders on 8th day of growth was
statistically significant (P0.01).
The number of leaves per plant in Hydroponic Maize Fodder on day 1, day 2, day
3, day 4, day 5, day 6, day 7, day were 0, 0, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3 and 3, respectively. The number
of leaves per plant in Hydroponic Jowar Fodder on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 4, day 5, day
6, day 7, day were 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3 and 3, respectively. The number of leaves per plant
in Hydroponic Bajra Fodder on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 4, day 5, day 6, day 7, day were
0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 and 1, respectively. The number of leaves per plant in Hydroponic Barley
Fodder on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 4, day 5, day 6, day 7, day were 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 and
1.The number of leaves per plant in Hydroponic Cowpea Fodder on day 1, day 2, day 3,
day 4, day 5, day 6, day 7, day were 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 and 2, respectively. The number of
leaves per plant in Hydroponic Lucerne Fodder on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 4, day 5, day
6, day 7, day were 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 and 2, respectively. The number of leaves per plant
in Hydroponic Horsegram Fodder on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 4, day 5, day 6, day 7, day
were 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 and 2, respectively. The number of leaves per plant in Hydroponic
Pillipesara Fodder on day 1, day 2, day 3, day 4, day 5, day 6, day 7, day were 0, 0, 0, 2,
2, 2, 2 and 2, respectively.
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The highest biomass yield on 8th day was shown by Cowpea(8.2kg), followed by
Pillipesara (7.92kg), Lucerne (7.0kg), Horsegram (6.76kg), Bajra (6.44kg), Maize
(6.12kg), Jowar (5.65kg) and Barley(5.23kg). The biomass yield of different Hydroponic
Fodders on 8th day of growth was statistically significant (P0.01), the biomass yield on 3rd day from Barley and Maize was not statistically
significant at (P<0.01). The biomass yield on 2nd day was highest for Lucerne (4.47kg),
Cowpea (4.41kg), Horsegram (3.58kg), Pillipesara (3.57kg), Bajra (3.48kg), Jowar
(3.32kg), Barley(3.04kg) and Maize (2.48kg). The biomass yield of different Hydroponic
Fodders on 2nd day of growth was statistically significant (P<0.01). The biomass yield on
2nd day from Horsegram and Pillipesara was not statistically significant at (P<0.01), the
biomass yield on 2nd day from Bajra and Jowar was not statistically significant at
(P<0.01). The biomass yield on 1st day was highest for Lucerne (4.47kg) followed by
Cowpea (4.41kg), Horsegram (3.58kg), Pillipesara (3.57kg), Bajra (2.72kg), Jowar
(2.62kg), Barley (2.3kg) and Maize (1.81kg). The biomass yield of different Hydroponic
Fodders on 1st day of growth was statistically significant (P<0.01). The biomass yield on
1st day from Horsegram and Pillipessara was not statistically significant at (P<0.01), the
biomass yield on 1st day from Bajra and Jowar was not statistically significant at (P<0.01).
The sprout weight after germination was highest for Cowpea (3.56kg) followed by
Lucerne (3.3kg), Pillipesara (2.72kg), Horsegram (2.71kg), Bajra (2kg), Jowar (1.86kg),
Barley (1.61kg) and Maize (1.45kg) as shown in table 43. The biomass yield of different
Hydroponic Fodders on 0th day of growth was statistically significant (P<0.01). The
biomass yield on 0th day from Pillipesara and Horsegram was not statistically significant
at (P<0.01), The biomass yield on 0th day from Bajra and Jowar was not statistically
significant at (P<0.01), The biomass yield on 0th day from Barley and Maize was not
statistically significant at (P<0.01).
The proximate composition of Hydroponic Maize was DM 14.4%, OM 97.61%,
CP 12.59%, CF 10.9%, EE 4.25%, TA 2.39%, NFE 69.87%, AIA 0.34%. The proximate
composition of Hydroponic Bajra Fodder was DM 12.6%, OM 97.14%, CP 14.22%, CF
16.56%, EE 2.35%, TA 2.86%, NFE 64.01%, AIA 0.96%. The proximate composition of
Hydroponic Barley Fodder was DM 14.12%, OM 95.59%, CP 15.04, CF 16.05%, EE
2.41%, TA 4.41%, NFE 62.09%, AIA 1.82%. The proximate composition of Hydroponic
Jowar Fodder was DM 21.41%, OM 97.02%, CP 15.81%, CF 10.38%, EE 3.68%, TA
2.98%, NFE 67.15%, AIA 0.33% .The proximate composition of Hydroponic Lucerne
Fodder was DM 9.34%, OM 94.82%, CP 43.89%, CF 18.08%, EE 1.70%, TA 5.18%,
NFE 31.15%, AIA 0.53%. The proximate composition of Hydroponic Pillipesara Fodder
was DM 7.15%, OM 90.36%, CP 31.2%, CF 23.09%, EE 1.45%, TA 9.63%, NFE
34.63%, AIA 1.31%. The proximate composition of Hydroponic Cowpea Fodder was
DM 8.97%, OM 92.03%, CP 30.99%, CF 20.02%, EE 1.39%, TA 7.97%, NFE 39.63%,
AIA 1.99%. The proximate composition of Hydroponic Horse gram Fodder was the
percent DM 8.71%, OM 93.83%, CP 30.16%, CF 20.14%, EE 1.46%, TA 6.17%, NFE
42.07%, AIA 1.29%.
The highest gross return (Rs) was obtained from Cowpea (48) followed by
Pillipesara (47.4), Lucerne (42), Horsegram (40.2), Barley (38.4), Maize (36), Jowar
(33.6), Bajra (33). The highest net return (Rs) was in Maize (16) followed by Barley (8.4),
Bajra (-7), Horsegram (-10), Jowar (-21.4), Pillipesara (-32.4), Cowpea (-57), Lucerne (-
73). The highest benefit cost ratio was obtained in Maize (1.8) followed by Barley (1.28),
Bajra (0.83), Horsegram (0.8), Jowar (0.61), Pillipesara (0.59), Cowpea (0.45), Lucerne
(0.33) The least cost of production for 1 kg of seed (Rs) was seen in Maize (2.5) followed
by Barley (3.9), Bajra (6.36), Horsegram (6.71), Jowar (8.93). Pillipesara (9.49), Cowpea
(12.5), Lucerne (17.14).
To study the effect of Hydroponic Fodder on milk yield and milk composition, 12
lactating Murrah Buffaloes were selected in Tippanagunta village and they were divided
in to two equal groups of treatment and control and fed with Hydroponic and conventional
green fodder for 90day trial period. There was an increase of 10.65% in milk yield
(Treatment-7.08kg, Control-6.4kg) between treatment and control group and 7.38%
increase in milk fat percentage (Treatment-6.98%, Control-6.5%). There was a 7%
increase in SNF (Treatment-10.92%, Control-10.21%) between treatment and control
group. 11.4% increase in FCM (Treatment-9.41%, Control-8.46%) from the animals fed
with conventional fodder and Hydroponic green fodder and a 9.19% increase in total
solids (Treatment-18.3, Control-16.76) . This increase can be attributed to the constant
production of high quality Hydroponic Fodder without any stoppages due to
environmental conditions. It could be concluded that Hydroponic green fodder can be
used to improve the productive performance while maintaining a relatively manageable
cost especially in areas where conventional fodder supply is not constant or when the
farmer lives in an area with low rainfall and in a situation of low land ownership
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